Stages of Spelling Development

1
Stages of Spelling Development

• Spelling is all about
• PATTERNS.
• Children need to be taught to see the patterns so
  they learn patterns instead of memorizing every
  single letter of every single word.

2
WORD STUDY IS DEVELOPMENTAL

• Word study teaches students to examine and
  discover regularities, patterns, and rules
• Word study increases specific knowledge of
  words--the spelling and meaning of individual
  words

3
THE BASIS FOR WORD STUDY

• Three Layers of English Orthography

• Alphabetic--represents the relationship between
  letters and sounds
• Patterns--guide the grouping of letters
• Meaning--groups of letters represent meaning
  directly

4
Standards Addressed by Word Study/Word Sort
Activities
5
Stages of Spelling Development

• Emergent
• Letter-Name
• Within Word Pattern
• Syllable Juncture
• Derivational Constancy

6
Emergent--Pre-K to Middle of 1st

• Scribble letters and s
• Lack concepts of words
• Lack letter-sound correspondence
• Pretend to read and write

7
Emergent Word Study Focus

• Develop concept sorts
• Play w/ speech sounds to develop phonological
  awareness
• Plan alphabet activities
• Sort pictures by beginning sounds
• Encourage fingerpoint memory of rhymes,
  dictations, and simple pattern books
• Encourage invented spellings

8
Letter-Name--K to Middle of 2nd

• Represents beginning and ending sounds
• Has functional concept of word
• Reads word by word in beginning reading materials

9
Early Letter Name--Word Study Focus

• Collect known words for word banks
• Sort pictures and words by beginning sounds
• Study word families (rimes) that share a common
  vowel
• Study beginning consonant blends and digraphs
• Encourage invented spelling

10
Middle to Late Letter Name--Word Study Focus

• Sort pictures and words by different short vowel
  word families
• Sort pictures and words by short vowel sounds and
  CVC patterns
• Continue to examine consonant blends and digraphs
• Begin simple sound sorts comparing short and long
  vowel sounds
• Collect known words for word banks (up to 200)

11
Within Word Pattern--1st Grade to Middle of 4th

• Spells most single-syllable short vowel words
  correctly
• Spells most beginning consonant digraphs and
  2-letter consonant blends
• Attempts to use silent-E markers
• Reads silently and more fluently
• Writes more fluently
• Can edit and revise

12
Within Word Pattern--Word Study Focus

• Complete daily activities in word study notebooks
• Sort words by long and short vowel sounds and by
  common long vowel patterns
• Compare words with r-controlled vowels
• After mastering common long vowels, explore less
  common vowels and diphthongs (OI, OU, AU, OW)
• Review lends and digraphs as needed and examine
  triple blends and complex consonant units (THR,
  STR, DGE, TCH, CK)

13
Syllable Juncture--Grades 3-8

• Spells most single syllable words correctly
• Makes errors at syllable juncture and in
  unaccented syllables
• Reads with good fluency and expression
• Reads faster silently than orally
• Writes responses that sophisticated and critical

14
Syllable Juncture--Word Study Focus

• Examine consonant doubling and inflected endings
• Focus on unaccented syllables such as ER and LE
• Join spelling and vocabulary studies link
  meaning and spelling
• Explore grammar through word study
• Sort and study affixes
• Study stress or accent in two-syllable words

15
Derivational Constancy--Grades 5-12

• Have mastered high-frequency words
• Make errors on low-frequency words derived from
  Greek and Latin combining forms
• Read with good fluency and expression
• Read faster silently than orally
• Write responses that are sophis-ticated and
  critical

16
Derivational Constancy--Word Study Focus

• Focus on words that students bring to word study
  from reading and writing
• Join spelling and vocabulary studies link
  meaning and spelling
• Examine common and then less common roots,
  prefixes and suffixes
• Examine vowel alterations in derivationally
  related pairs (native, national combine,
  combination)
• Explore etymology, especially in the content
  areas
• Examine content-related foreign borrowings