Levoluzione delle aziende

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Levoluzione delle aziende
La Responsabilità Sociale
Total Quality Management Customer Satisfaction
Comportamenti Etici
PROFITTO
Responsabilità ambientale
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Lazienda e lequilibrio tra i portatori di
interessi
Stakeholders interni
Stakeholders ambiente
Stakeholders azionisti
AZIENDA
Stakeholders lavoratori
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Economia aziendale ed etica

bensì Occuparsi dei risvolti etici
dellagire economico-aziendale

• Non vuol dire
• Studiare i problemi morali connessi alloperare
  delle aziende e dei loro interlocutori

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Economia aziendale ed etica
Il sistema umano, la visione soggettiva
dellazienda rappresentano elementi di una
visione sistemica della società in cui il
rispetto della persona e la sua valorizzazione
sono funzionali e compatibili con il
raggiungimento di risultati economici
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CSR creazione di valore

• La capacità dellazienda di creare valore
• è funzione della sostenibilità
• delle sue strategie, cioè dellequilibrio
• nel tempo tra la dimensione economica
• e la dimensione ambientale e sociale

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Institute for Service Industry Research National
Research Council
University of Naples Parthenope
ENTREPRENEURIAL PROFILE IN BACKWARD AREAS FIRST
RESULTSFROM FIELD RESEARCH
Alessandra Mancino, Antonio Thomas Institute
for Service Industry Research IRAT-CNR, Naples,
Italy Renato Passaro University of Naples
Parthenope, Naples, Italy
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THE SVIMPCAM PROJECT (Entrepreneurship
Development in the Campania Region) IRAT-CNR
University of Naples Parthenope

• to investigate the relationship between
  entrepreneurship and economic performance, in
  terms of job creation, growth, firm survival,
  innovation
• to identify the factors affecting local
  entrepreneurship promotion and dissemination
• to suggest measures to improve the efficiency and
  effectiveness of entrepreneurship policies in
  Campania Region, and in other backward areas

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PAPER AIM

• to investigate if local entrepreneurs are able to
  start-up and run entrepreneurial ventures, as
  definited by Carland et al. (1984)

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PRESENTATION AGENDA

• Basic assumptions
• Expected Results
• Survey Sample and Methodology
• First Evidence
• Results
• Indications
• Policy Implications

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1. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

• true entrepreneurship can be considered as a
  fundamental renewable resource for local economic
  development (Ostgaard, Birley, 1994 Hendry et
  al., 1995 Audretsch, 2002)
• the entrepreneurial process is the result of a
  complex interaction between individuals, social
  and environmental factors (Bouchikhi, 1993 Dyer,
  1994)
• Smes economic performance largely depends on the
  entrepreneurs and their capacity to learn
  (Storey, Westhead, 1996 Minguzzi, Passaro, 2001)
  
• not all entrepreneurs are able to start-up and
  run entrepreneurial ventures (Carland et al,
  1984, Thurik, Wennekers, 1999)

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2. EXPECTED RESULTS

• entrepreneurs operating in traditional sectors
  are more correctly defined as necessity
  entrepreneurs rather than opportunity
  entrepreneurs (GEM, 2003)
• necessity entrepreneurs display a more negative
  perception of the external environment (GEM,
  2004)
• firms relations with the external environment
  are influenced by the conditioning of
  entrepreneurial attitudes (Minguzzi, Passaro,
  2001)
• people with balanced skills are more likely than
  others to become entrepreneurs (Lazear, 2003)
• open-minded entrepreneurs usually play
  different roles simultaneously (Brandstatter,
  1997)

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3. SURVEY SAMPLE AND METHODOLOGY

• Sample
• 101 firms operating in traditional manufacturing
  industries
• established firms, with more than 10 employees

• Methodology
• semi-structured questionnaire organized into 5
  parts
• Description of the firms
• Entrepreneurs biographical characteristics
• Entrepreneurs personal characteristics
• Entrepreneurs motivations
• Perceptions of local barriers and opportunities,
  and policy measures

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4. FIRST EVIDENCE Personal traits

• Strategic decision-making abilities (25)
• Creativity (13)
• Need for achievement (10)
• Human relations/Com-municative ability (9)
• Attitude to change (6)

• Internal locus of control (6)
• Risk-taking propensity (5)
• Need for power (3)
• Adaptation capacity (2)
• Autonomy (2)
• Other/No answer (19)

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Entrepreneurial skills

• Technical/technological (32)
• Managerial (22)
• Marketing (14)
• Knowledge of own sector (11)
• Team working (10)

• Conflict-solving (5)
• Financial (3)
• Analytical capacity (1)
• Risk measurement (1)
• ICT (1)
• No answer (1)

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Personal Experiences

• Influence of previous personal experiences
  entrepreneurs
• Not at all/slightly 36
• Fairly 16
• Very 24
• In a decisive way 21
• No Answer 3
• Total 100

• Influence of family business experiences
  entrepreneurs
• Not at all/slightly 12
• Fairly 21
• Very 20
• In a decisive way 22
• No Answer 25
• Total 100

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Motivations

• Exploit ones own skills/ideas (11)
• Ambition (8)
• Desire to emulate (1)
• Recognition of/desire for social revenge (2)
• Other/No answer (7)

• Dissatisfaction with previous employment (30)
• Insufficient family income or desire for wealth
  (14)
• Desire to be your own boss (11)
• Inheritance/legacy/marriage (9)
• Lack of work opportunities (5)
• Desire to put oneself to the test (4)

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Perception of the environment ()

• Not at all
  Slightly Fairly Very
• Influence of
• Fortune/chance 23 36 29
  11
• Political connections 30 25
  21 23
• Non-political connections 6
  13 56 24
• Faith in
• Collaboration with competitors 27
  43 24 0
• Actions of professional associations 36
  37 22 4
• Actions of Public Administration 42
  34 23 0
• Banks, other financial institutions 19
  32 42 5
• Own employees 0 6 58
  34
• Own suppliers 1 8 65
  25
• Relations with clients 1 7
  49 42

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Main obstacles

• External obstacles
• Infrastructures (17)
• Bureaucratic obstacles (16 )
• Crime/illegality (11 )
• Relations with Public Administration (8 )
• Financial problems /Access to loans (8)
• Legal obstacles (4)

• Internal obstacles
• Unskilled labour (7)
• Cooperation between firms (5)
• Competition (4)
• Other (12)
• No answer or There arent any (9)

• the choices of entrepreneurs are heavily
  influenced by the negative perception of the
  external environment

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5. Results

• Local entrepreneurs operating in traditional
  sectors are mainly necessity entrepreneurs
• They also display a negative perception of the
  external environment
• A large percentage of local entrepreneurs
  underestimate the need to increase their
  knowledge and skills

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6. Indications

• all personal and familiar experiences have an
  influence on entrepreneurial choice and on the
  mind-openness of entrepreneurs
• entrepreneurs with greater experience, skills and
  mind-openness show more readiness to undertake
  entrepreneurial ventures
• those entrepreneurs whose business activity is
  greatly influenced by external conditions do not
  display the features that would make them
  truly entrepreneurs
• Its therefore confirmed the hypothesis according
  to which firms relations with the external
  environment are influenced by the conditioning of
  entrepreneurial attitudes

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7. POLICY IMPLICATIONS

• to reduce the business turnover as well as to
  create high-tech firms operating in innovative or
  expanding markets
• to improve the local business climate, that is as
  much important as to directly support start-up
• to make eligible for incentives and support only
  those with a high level of entrepreneurial
  attitudes, skill and learning ability
• to define new methods of transferring skills and
  expertise and improving personal traits

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6. First Evidence

• two main groups emerge (essentially equal from a
  numerical perspective)
• - the group with greater experience and skills
  shows more readiness to undertake
  entrepreneurial ventures
• - the other group, with little experience and
  skills, on the contrary, don show this
  attitude
• the choices of entrepreneurs are heavliy
  influenced by the negative perception of the
  external environment
• current facility laws risultano poco adatte a
  rafforzare la competitività aziendale piuttosto
  stimolano la scelta imprenditoriale anche in
  coloro che non hanno sufficienti attitudini

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5. First indications of the paper

• a large percentage of local entrepreneurs
  underestimate the need to increase their
  knowledge and skills
• local entrepreneurs are mainly necessity
  entrepreneurs
• local entrepreneurs display a negative perception
  of the external environment
• all personal and familiar experiences have an
  influence on entrepreneurial choice (and on the
  mind-openness of entrepreneurs)