Title: Nuclear Data Center Network Who are we? What can we do for you?
1Nuclear Data Center NetworkWho are we?What can
we do for you?
- Victoria McLane1,3
- Naohiko Otuka2,3
- 1National Nuclear Data Center
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- 2Nuclear Data Center
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
- 3Nuclear Theory Group
- Hokkaido University
Recent Advances in Astrophysics and Planetary
Science, March 1-2, 2005, Sapporo, Japan
2Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
- Nuclear data required for studies of
- Early universe Big Bang,
- Stellar physics
- novae, supernovae, Red giants,
- Interstellar medium.
3Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
- Codes for modeling these systems require massive
amounts of nuclear data - Reaction rates.
- Energy released in nuclear reactions.
- Structural properties of relevant nuclei.
4Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
- Reaction rate sv
- Cross section times ion velocity averaged over
Maxwell-Bolzmann distribution of relative ion
velocity. - Basic data are cross sections and resonance
parameters.
5Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
- For many unstable nuclear no cross section data
exist! - Calculations rely on data from theoretical
models. - Experimental reaction data are used for
refinement of theoretical models.
6Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
- Reaction rates
- Coughlin and Fowler - 1967 1
- NACRE 2
- T. Raucher and F.-K. Thielemann 3
- Goriely et al.
- Many others
- http//www.nucastrodata.org
7Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
- Energy released in nuclear reactions
- Reaction Q-values
- Audi, Wapstra, Thibault 4
- http//www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/
8Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
- Structural properties of nuclei
- Decay lifetime,
- Branching ratios,
- Separation energies 1- and 2-particle,
- Level densities,
- Resonance parameters.
- http//www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/
9Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
10Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
- G.R. Coughlin and W.A. Fowler, At. Data Nucl.
Data Tables, 40 (1988) 283 - C. Angulo et al., Nucl. Phys. A 656 (1999) 3.
- T. Raucher and F.-K. Thielemann, At. Data Nucl.
Data Tables 79 (2001) 47-64. - A.H. Wapstra, G. Audi, and C. Thibault, Nucl.
Phys. A 729 (2003) part I, page 129 part II,
page 337.
11Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
- Stellar nucleosynthesis
- Hydrogen burning.
- Helium burning.
- Silicon burning.
- Each involve the need for data on many nuclear
reactions.
12Alpha-Induced Reactions
- Reactions involving alpha particles are important
in the helium burning stage of stars, novae, and
supernovae. - They involve light to medium weight nuclei, up to
Z32, and center-of-mass energies up to about 20
MeV.
13Alpha-Induced Reactions
- Buildup of 56Ni in supernovae depends critically
on the (?,?) and (?,p) reactions on ?-nuclei, the
heaviest stable nuclide of them being 40Ca. - For more massive radioactive ?- nuclei, 44Ti,
48Cr, 52Fe, and 56Ni, we must rely heavily on
calculations, since there are few measurements.
14Alpha-Induced Reactions
- A key element in our understanding of ??-induced
reactions is the ??-nucleus potential. - Most wide used potentials are McFadden-Satchler
1 and Arthur-Young 2. - Both are global potentials, i.e., expected to
perform for a large number of nuclei, but perhaps
not suitable for accurate calculations.
15Alpha-Induced Reactions
- NNDC and CNPD, Sarov, along with ORNL, have been
involved in a project to compile and evaluate
alpha-induced nuclear reaction data. - Objective to derive alpha-nucleus potentials for
use in model calculations.
16Alpha-Induced Reactions
- Compilation of data completed.
- Evaluation of data.
- Calculations using the code Empire 3 for both
potentials and the code NON-SMOKER 4.
17Alpha-Induced Reactions
- 1st phase of project is nearing completion 5.
- All data will be made available to the community.
18Alpha-Induced Reactions
- L. McFadden and G.R. Satchler, Nucl. Phys. 84,177
(1966). - E.D. Arthur and P.G. Young, LA-8626 ENDF-304,
Los Alamos National Laboratory (1980). - M. Herman, paper presented at Nuclear Data for
Science Technology, Sep. 26 Oct. 1, 2004,
Santa Fe, NM, USA, to be published. - T. Rauscher, F.K. Thielemann, At. Data Nucl.
Data Tables 75, 1 (2000).
19Alpha-Induced Reactions
- Papers presented at Nuclear Data for Science
Technology, Sep. 26 Oct. 1, 2004, Santa Fe, NM,
USA, to be published. - S.A.Dunaeva et al., paper 459.
- A.G. Zvenigorodski et al., paper 460.
20Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
- To explain occurrence of heavy elements
- Evolving from existing Fe group
- s-process
- r-process
- rp-process
21Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
- s-process slow sequence of neutron absorption
- (Red giant)
- Z,A ? Z,A1 ? Z,A2
- ? ß-
- Z1,A1 ? Z1,A2 ?
- Knowledge of (n,?) cross sections 1 to 100 keV.
22Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
- r-process rapid sequence of neutron absorption
- (supernova explosion)?
- Z,A ? Z,A1 ? Z,A2 ? Z,A3 neutron drip
line - ? ß-
- rp-process rapid sequence of proton absorption
- Z,A ? Z1,A1 ? Z2,A2 ? Z3,A3 proton drip
line - ? ß
23Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
- These involve very many nuclear reactions.
- Needed from nuclear data community
- Basic measured data where possible.
- Calculations where measurements not feasible.
- Evaluations of cross section data.
24Who Are We?
- Nuclear Reaction Data Centers
- Coordinated by IAEA NDS.
- Cooperate on compilation, exchange, and
dissemination of nuclear reaction data. - All data are available on the World Wide Web,
free of charge.
25Who Are We?
- Member centers
- Provide higher quality service at lower cost by
- avoiding duplication of compilation effort,
- adopting common formats and procedures,
- sharing programming resources.
- Provide customer services covering wide range of
nuclear data.
26Who Are We?
- More than 50 years experience in nuclear data!
- 1952 BNL Neutron Cross Section Compilation Group
- 1st edition of BNL-325 published in 1955
- 1961 Sigma Center founded in U.S. at BNL.
- SCISRS 1st computerized database of
experimental nuclear reaction data established in
1964.
27Who Are We?
- 1966 4-Center Network created.
- Coordinated compilation of neutron reaction data
on an international scale. - EXFOR adopted as official exchange format of
4-Center Network. - 1975 Charged-Particle and Photonuclear Data
Center Network formed.
28Who Are We?
- 1979 Nuclear Reaction Data Center Network
created. - Merger of 4-Center Network and Charged-Particle
and Photonuclear Data Network.
29Who Are We?
- Currently, 13 members centers.
- Core centers provide complete services
- NNDC US National Nuclear Data Center
- NDS IAEA Nuclear Data Section
- NEADB NEA Data Bank.
30Who Are We?
- CHINA
- China Nuclear Data Center, China Institute of
Atomic Energy, Beijing - HUNGARY
- Cyclotron Applications Department, ATOMKI,
Debrecen - JAPAN
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai
- Japan Charged Particle Reaction Data Group,
Hokkaido - KOREA
- Nuclear Data Evaluation Laboratory, Korea Atomic
Energy Research Institute, Taejon
31Who Are We?
- RUSSIA
- Center for Nuclear Data (CJD), Obninsk
- Center for Atomic Nuclear Data, Kurchatov
Institute, Moscow - Center for Photonuclear Experiments Data, Moscow
State University Nuclear Physics Data Center - Center for Nuclear Physics Data, Russia Federal
Nuclear Center VNIIEF, Sarov - UKRAINE
- Ukrainian Nuclear Data Center, SC Institute for
Nuclear Research, Kiev
32What Can We Do for You?
- Core centers provide easy access to
- Neutron, charged-particle, and photonuclear
reaction data. - Nuclear structure and decay data.
- Both experimental and evaluated.
33What Can We Do for You?
- EXFOR/CSISRS
- Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data
- Data for incident projectiles 1 GeV.
- New
- Data for incident projectiles gt1 GeV.
- Fundamental particles reactions.
34What Can We Do for You?
- EXFOR/CSISRS
- References linked to abstracts for several
journals. - Links to evaluated data.
- 3 levels of retrieval Basic, Extended, Expert
- Complete set of help file (dictionaries)
35What Can We Do for You?
- EXFOR/CSISRS
- Data output
- EXFOR or CFOR formats.
- Additional output formats will be developed for
users as needs arise. - Plots.
36What Can We Do for You?
- ENDF
- Evaluated Nuclear Reaction Data
- Data output
- as ENDF- formatted files,
- plots
- for multiple libraries
- with experimental data
- user has some control over format.
376Li(n,t)4He experimental cross section data
plotted with ENDF/B-VI curve using ZVView.
38What Can We Do for You?
- NUDAT
- Nuclear Structure and Decay Data
- Level properties,
- Decay modes,
- Radiations.
- Output
- Tables
- Plots.
39What Can We Do for You?
- Bibliographic Database
- Nuclear Science References (NSR)
- Publications in low and intermediate energy
nuclear physics (includes nuclear astrophysics). - Data may be retrieved by author, nuclide,
reaction,particle, subject, and other criteria. - Links provided to experimental and evaluated
nuclear structure and decay data. - Links are provided to abstracts for several
journals.
40Additional Services
- National Nuclear Data Center
- Nuclear Structure and Decay Data
- Publication of Nuclear Data Sheets.
- Nuclear Wallet Cards.
- EMPIRE Code maintenance.
41Additional Services
- Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank
- Computer Program Services
- Collection and distribution of computer programs
relevant to nuclear applications. -
- CD-Rom distribution
- JANIS evaluated and experimental data
42Additional Services
- IAEA Nuclear Data Section
- FENDL library for fusion applications.
- IAEA Photonuclear Data Library.
- Reference Input Parameter Library (RIPL)
- for theoretical calculations of nuclear reaction
cross sections. - Atomic and Molecular Data
- Evaluation and dissemination of atomic and
molecular data for fusion and other plasma
science technology applications.
43- Core centers
- US National Nuclear Data Center
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- http//www.nndc.bnl.gov
- services_at_bnl.gov
- OECD-NEA Data Bank
- Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- http//www.nea.fr
- nea_at_nea.fr
- IAEA Nuclear Data Section
- Vienna, Austria
- http//www-nds.iaea.org
- services_at_iaeand.iaea.org
44US National Nuclear Data Center
45Japanese Centers
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Nuclear Data Center, Tokai-mura
- http//wwwndc.tokai.jaeri.go.jp/
- katakura_at_ndc.tokai.jaeri.go.jp
- Japan Charged-Particle Nuclear Reaction Data
Group - Hokkaido University, Sapporo
- http//www.jcprg.org/
- kato_at_nucl.sci.hokudai.ac.jp
46Japan Charged-Particle Reaction Group
47Nuclear Reaction Data Centers
- Please contact us
- and
- let us know
- what we can do for you!
48Acknowledgements
- Thank you to
- Michael Smith of Oak Ridge National Laboratory
for contributing information on uses of nuclear
data in astrophysics. - http//www.phy.ornl.gov/astrophysics/
- Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA for supernova
clip. - http//legacy.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/snr.html