Information Technology

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Information Technology

• BTA3O - Unit 1

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Computer Hardware Functions
Input Devices
Memory RAM ROM
Central Processing Unit
Secondary Storage Devices
Output Devices
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Input Devices

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Graphic Tablets
• Serial Ports
• Modems
• Scanners
• Digital Cameras

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Output Devices

• CRT
• Serial Ports
• Modems
• Parallel Port
• Printers
• Plotters
• Disk Drives
• Machine Interfaces

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Ports and Connectors

• Ports are categorized by their mode of
  transmission
• Parallel port
• Standard parallel port (printers)
• Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
• Serial port
• Standard serial port (modem, mouse)
• Musical instrument digital interface (MIDI)
• Universal Serial Bus (USB)
• Connectors
• Male have one or more pins
• Female have locators that match the pins on the
  male

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Storage

• Hard Drive
• Floppy Drives
• CD-ROM
• DVD
• R-CD-ROM
• RW-CD-ROM
• Zip Drives

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Disk Capacities

• Floppy 1.4 MB
• Hard disk 20 GB 160 GB
• CD 700 - 800 MB
• DVD 4.7 GB - 17 GB

1 BYTE 1 CHARACTER 1 KILOBYTE 1000 BYTES 1
MEGABYTE 1000 KB 1 GIGABYTE 1000 MB
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Magnetic Disk Storage
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Disk Fragmentation

• Fragmented disk shows spaces where data has been
  removed
• Defragmenting has placed all files in contiguous
  spaces
• Defragmenting a drive will increase efficiency
  for file retrieval

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CD-ROM and Optical Disks

• CD-ROM (compact disk ROM)
• 650 MB of information
• DVD-ROM (digital versatile disk)
• 4.7 gigabytes
• CD-R (compact disk-recordable)
• Magneto-optical (MO)
• 230 MB, 650 MB, 1.3 GB
• supports read and write operation

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Bays

• Areas inside the computer base, specifically
  designed to facilitate the installation of
  additional equipment
• External Bays
• one open end for loading and unloading storage
  media such as diskettes, tapes and CD-ROMS
• Internal Bays
• completely enclosed - inside the case
• for hard disk drives

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Memory

• RAM Random Access Memory
• The space available to a computer to use while
  performing operations. The space is emptied out
  when the computer is turned off.
• ROM Read Only Memory
• The memory programmed by the manufacturer
  containing system information.
• Cannot be overwritten without special software.

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Power Supply

• The purpose of the power supply is to convert the
  AC power to a more useable form for the computer.
• Newer machines use less power allowing CPUs to
  run faster without overheating.

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Operating Systems

• The operating system acts as the interface
  between the application and the computer system.
• The following are examples of operating systems
• Microsoft Windows, Unix, Linux, and Macintosh

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Operating System Software

• Role of Operating System Software is to
• perform common computer hardware functions
• provide a user interface
• manage system memory
• manage processing tasks
• provide networking capability
• control access to system resources
• manage files

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Networking

• A network is defined as two or more computers
  connected together
• Peer-to-peer when a server is not involved
• Client-server when a server is involved
• Uses and Benefits of a LAN
• Security through id and password
• Shared peripherals
• Shared storage
• Shared Applications
• Reliability and Resilience
• centralized backup systems for data recovery
• centralized virus protection

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Types of Networks

• Star Network
• Centralized hub (typical systems)
• Each machine runs independently from the other,
  but hubs connect
• Ring Network
• All machines arranged in a ring
• Built in redundancy with dual-ring
• Fibre optics and token ring
• Bus Network
• All machines on the same line
• Difficult to repair but inexpensive to construct

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Adapting to Change

• Adapting to an ever changing environment is a
  challenge all businesses must face.
• Business end-users must define business needs,
  evaluate options, and select the hardware and
  software that provide a cost-effective solution
  to those needs.
• The information system industry continues to
  undergo constant change users need to be aware
  of recent trends to remain current.

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Conclusion

• Hardware devices work together to perform input,
  processing, data storage, and output.
• Networks allow computers to share information and
  resources.
• There are two main categories of software
• systems software and application software
• An operating system (OS) is a set of computer
  programs that control the computer hardware to
  support users computing needs.