Carbon Dioxide Capture and Geological Storage: Contributing to Climate Change Solutions

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Carbon Dioxide Capture and Geological Storage
Contributing to Climate Change Solutions

• Dag Christensen
• Hydro

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CO2 Capture and Geological Storage (CCS)
Potential and competence

• Large CCS potential
• Global distribution of geological formations --
  potentially applicable worldwide
• Addressing large CO2 source primarily in the
  power sector
• Allowing coal to continue to contribute to energy
  in a GHG constrained world
• The oil gas industry has key competence in
  implementing CCS
• Gas separation, transport and injection
• Characterization and management of geological
  formations

Storage capacity
Source IEA greenhouse gas programme
Compared to annual global CO2-emissions appr. 28
Gt/y
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CO2 Capture and Geological Storage (CCS) Costs
and policies

• CCS adds costs and consumes energy
• Importance of RD to reduce capture costs and
  improve efficiency
• Commercially viable in OG activities of limited
  scope - important for early experience
• For CCS to be commercially widespread requires
• Policy to address added cost to make CCS
  economically viable
• Enabling regulatory and legal framework
• Governments should work with industry to advance
  the CCS option
• IPIECA is interested in facilitating such
  interaction

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CO2 Capture and Geological Storage (CCS)
Experience

• We build on over 30 years of industry experience
• Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
• Acid gas injection
• CCS projects
• Safety achieved by
• Site characterisation
• Operational monitoring
• Scientific understanding
• Engineering experience

• Industry is confident that CCS can be practiced
  safely and effectively, and we are prepared to
  work with others

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CO2 Capture and Geological Storage (CCS) Actions
Today

• A diverse set of initiatives by academia,
  governments and industry are improving the
  performance and prospects of CCS by
• Accumulating commercial experience with gas
  injection
• Research initiatives to find lower-cost CCS
  technologies and improve understanding of risks
• An increasing number of CCS projects worldwide to
  improve understanding through field experience
• Assessment of the merits of CCS as well as other
  technology options provides valuable information
  for decisions and a basis for public acceptance
• These actions will improve and better define the
  prospects of CCS

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CO2 capture projects growing activities
New project initiatives in Europe -
Vattenfall, Statoil, RWE, EON, Total, Centrica
Key
CO2 capture and storage planned
Source IEA greenhouse gas programme
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Building on experience with CO2 storage Existing
and proposed activities
Source IPCC special report on CCS
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Scale of CO2 Infrastructure for Potential Capture
and Storage of Large Emission Sources - USA
This map indicates the scale of the issue. This
map indicates the point sources from various
industries, emitting more than 100,000 metric
tons CO2 per year. To give a sense of scale, the
CO2 pipeline infrastructure will likely be
comparable to the current scale of petroleum
pipeline infrastructure in the US in order to
match sources to sinks. To capture and store all
power generators emissions would require moving
over 50 million barrels/day of CO2 around the US.
The role of technology policies to enable the
beginning of this infrastructure development will
be critical to the deployment of carbon capture
and storage.
Source of Data Carbon Dioxide Capture and
Geologic Storage A Core Element of a Global
Energy Technology Strategy to Address Climate
Change, a report of the Global Energy Technology
Strategy Program, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory and the University of Maryland, April
2006
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The Sleipner experience - Norway

• Started in 1996 10 year of CO2-injection in
  October 2006
• Separating and injecting nearly 1 mill. tons CO2
  annually
• Storing in saline aquifer above natural gas
  reservoir
• Driver CO2-tax
• Learning and confidence building through a series
  of large EU-wide RD programmes

Operator Statoil PartnersExxon Mobil, Hydro,
Total
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Snøhvit LNG - CO2-storage - Norway
Snøhvit

• Barents Sea
• Piped CO2 separated from natural gas in onshore
  LNG plant
• Storing 700.000 tons CO2 annually from 2007
• Injecting in sandstone below natural gas reservoir

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In Salah - CO2-injection - Algeria
Partners BP, Statoil and Sonatrac
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CCS under construction or planningVattenfall
Oxyfuel coal power - Germany
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CCS under construction or planningTotal
storage in depleted gas field - France

• Total operator
• Partners
• Air Liquide
• French Petroleum Institute (IFP),
• French Bureau of Geological and Mining Research
  (BRGM)

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CCS under construction or planningBP
precombustion gas EOR - UK

• BP operator
• Partners
• ConocoPhillips
• Shell
• Scottish and Southern Energy

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CCS under construction or planningRWE clean
coal IGCC CCS - Germany
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CCS summary

• Development of a sound and legal framework that
  will evolve with the evolution of CCS science and
  technology, will be needed if CCS is to be
  deployed on a global scale
• Sound regulatory and legal framworks can build
  confidence that the operation of CCS can be done
  in a safe and secure manner
• CCS was not anticipated at the time of adoption
  of global and regional treaties (OSPAR, London
  Conv), and how they apply to CCS remains open to
  interpretation
• An effective application of CCS will rely on
  economically efficient approaches to address
  added costs