Musical structure and emotional expression - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Musical structure and emotional expression

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The influence of musical structure and emotional expression. ... Harmony. Tonality. Rhythm. Timbre. Articulation. Amplitude envelope. Musical form ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Musical structure and emotional expression


1
Musical structure and emotional expression
  • Gabrielsson, A. Lindtröm, E. (2001). The
    influence of musical structure and emotional
    expression. In In P.N. Juslin J.A. Sloboda
    (Eds)(2001). Music and Emotion, OUP, Chapter 11

2
Methodological approaches
  • Free phenomenological descriptions
  • Choice among descriptive terms, adjectives, or
    nouns, provided by the investigator
  • Ratings how well such descriptive terms applied
    to the music in question

3
Emotional expression using real music
  • Free descriptions and choice among descriptive
    terms
  • Ratings and multivariate analysis techniques
  • Continuous recordings of emotional expressions
  • Non-verbal responses
  • Specially composed music

4
Manipulation of structural factors without
musical context
  • Intervals
  • Mode
  • Rhythm and tempo
  • Melodic properties
  • Synthesized tone sequences

5
Manipulation of structural factors in musical
context
6
Effects of separate musical factors
  • Tempo
  • Mode
  • Loudness
  • Pitch
  • Intervals
  • Melody
  • melodic range
  • melodic direction (pitch contour
  • melodic motion
  • Harmony
  • Tonality
  • Rhythm
  • Timbre
  • Articulation
  • Amplitude envelope
  • Musical form

7
Tempo
  • fast activity/excitement happiness/joy/pleasantn
    ess potency surprise anger fear
  • slow calmness/serenity dignity/solemnity
    sadness tenderness boredom disgust

8
Mode
  • major happiness/joy graceful, serene solemn
  • minor sadness dreamy dignified tension
    disgust anger

9
Loudness
  • loud intensity/power tension anger joy
  • soft softness tenderness sadness solemnity
    fear

10
Pitch
  • high happy graceful serene dreamy exciting
    surprise potency anger fear activity
  • low sadness dignity/solemnity vigor
    excitement boredom pleasantness
  • large pitch variation happiness pleasantness
    activity surprise
  • small pitch variation disgust anger fear
    boredom

11
Melodic range
  • wide joy whimsicality uneasiness
  • narrow sad dignified sentimental tranquil
    delicate triumphant

12
Melodic direction
  • ascending dignity serenity tension happiness
    fear surprise anger potency
  • descending exciting graceful vigorous
    sadness boredom pleasantness

13
Harmony
  • simple and consonant happy/gay relaxed
    graceful serene dreamy dignified majestic
  • complex and dissonant excitement tension
    vigor anger sadness unplesantness

14
Tonality
  • chromatic harmony sad angry
  • tonal joyful dull peaceful
  • atonal angry

15
Rhythm
  • regular/smooth happiness dignity majesty
    peace
  • irregular/rough amusement uneasiness anger
  • varied joy
  • firm sadness dignity vigor
  • flowing/fluent happy/gay graceful dreamy
    serene

16
Timbre
  • many harmonics potency anger disgust fear
    activity surprise
  • amplified higher harmonics anger
  • few, low harmonics pleasantness boredom
    happiness
  • suppressed higher harmonics tenderness sadness

17
Articulation
  • staccato gaiety energy activity fear anger
  • legato sadness tenderness solemnity softness

18
Amplitude envelope
  • (refers to the type of attack and decay of tones)
  • sharp envelope (rapid attack and decay) anger
    happiness surprise activity
  • round tenderness sadness fear disgust
    boredom potency
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