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Music History II

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Haydn: the heart inspires. Mozart: genius and technique go hand ... Haydn's Symphony No. 103 in E. Empfindsamkeit 'sensibility' (attuned to nuance and detail) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Music History II


1
Music History II
  • Lecture Notes 1
  • (continued)

2
When is music classical?
  • A classic is any work of enduring value
  • Basic features of a musical classic Balance
    Proportion Clarity Naturalness

3
Art vs. Nature
  • Simple vs. Ornate
  • Bach too artificial
  • Express passions in a natural way
  • Music less elaborate
  • A place for both Genius (nature) Technique (art)
  • From the composer
  • Billings art a servant to genius
  • Haydn the heart inspires
  • Mozart genius and technique go hand in hand

4
Why 1750?
  • A compromise between two extremes 1720s/1780s
  • Regional differences mixture of styles
  • Attitudes toward music changed at the end
  • The composer as professional musician
  • The role of music in society

5
Elements of Classical Style
  • Homophony (focus on melody)
  • Counterpoint still viable
  • Obbligato accompaniment
  • Periodic phrase structure
  • Emphasis on syntactic design
  • Harmonic rhythm slower
  • Tonic-dominant polarity

6
Some examples
  • The Pleasant Dangers of the Swing
  • Haydns String Quartet in C Major, Op. 33
  • Mozarts Piano Concerto in E?, K. 271
  • Haydns Symphony No. 103 in E?

7
Empfindsamkeit
  • sensibility (attuned to nuance and detail)

8
Sonata Form
  • Exposition Intro of themes and movement from
    home key to the secondary key
  • Development Work the thematic ideas while moving
    through several keys
  • Recapitulation Return to original themes but
    with second theme now in the home key
  • Coda (optional) to strengthen home key

9
Monns Symphony
  • What is your take on it? Melody Harmony
    Rhythm Texture Structure

10
Scarlattis Sonata
  • Pure sonata form? What do you say?

11
The Orchestra at Mannheim
  • An army of generals (Burney)
  • Schubart imagines thunder (its forte), a
    waterfall (its crescendo), a distant brook (its
    diminuendo), a breath of spring (its piano)
  • And the scholarly Riemann commended the
    composers for their forward looking orchestra
    scoring

12
The Design of Choice
  • Sonata form became the exclusive design for the
    1st movement of nearly every instrumental
    composition by the 1760s

13
J. C.s Sonata
  • A typical example?
  • Why was he so fond of the Alberti Bass?

14
The Bach Boys
  • OK, lets hear it for the two famous sons of
    Johann Sebastian

15
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714-1788)
  • Son of J. S. and Maria Barbara
  • Eventually more popular than his father
  • Could not succeed his father at St. Thomas
  • Prolific composer of church music, 200works for
    harpsichord, 50 concertos, 18 symphonies, many
    chamber works, 2 oratorios, 22 Passions
  • Burney considered him among the greatest of all
    composers

16
Johann Christian Bach (1735-1782)
  • Son of J. S. and Anna Magdelena
  • Lived in Milan before moving to London
  • His compositions for amateurs became very popular
  • Composed works in almost all genre
  • Introduced Mozart and his father to musicians and
    patrons in London in 1764-1765

17
Fantasia in c minor
  • What is structural analysis?
  • Tonic harmony for a whole page?
  • The Largo key?

18
Baroque Classical
  • Style two
  • Text word focus
  • Texture both types
  • Rhythm simple and complex
  • Melody virtuosic embellished
  • modern conservative
  • natural declamation
  • mainly homophonic
  • periodic phrase design
  • lyrical, in regular phrases

19
Baroque Classical
  • Harmony gradually more tonal, freer with
    dissonance, more attention to vertical sonorities
  • Form both kinds
  • Instruments increase in idiomatic writing
  • Solidly tonal, slower harmonic rhythm, controlled
    dissonance, tonic/dominant polarity
  • Mainly syntactic
  • Fully idiomatic modern orchestra becomes standard
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