Wireless Grid Business Applications: Barriers

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Wireless Grid Business ApplicationsBarriers
Opportunities

• Lee W. McKnight Junseok Hwang
• Syracuse University
• www.wirelessgrids.net
• lmcknigh_at_syr.edu

Presentation to 1st International Workshop on
GRID Economics and Business Models. KISTI, GFK
and IEEE, 23rd of April, 2004 in COEX Convention
Center, Seoul, Korea in conjunction with the 2004
IEEE/IFIP Network Operations Management
Symposium
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Outline

• Background
• Why Wireless Grid Markets Will Matter
• Grid Network Architectures
• Virtual Markets Wireless Systems Innovation
• Grids as a Research Business Opportunity
• Use Cases/Application Examples
• Sustainable Resource Sharing Markets?
• Conclusions Barriers to Wireless Grids
• Collaborative Research Opportunities
• References/MyBook Plugs

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Lee McKnight is Virtually Here

• Due to end of semester teaching obligation, Lee
  is unable to join us
• Lees powerpoints and paper explain his views
• Lee welcomes future opportunities to discuss in
  person or via the net.
• Thanks Junseok for taking on one more role
• In preparation for continued collaboaration!

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Background on Virtual Markets and Wireless Grids
Project

• National Science Foundation, Partners for
  Innovation grant 2003-2004, possibly extended
• Lee W. McKnight, P.I.
• See www.wirelessgrids.net
• A research dialogue of faculty and graduate
  students at Boston University, ETHZ, Harvard
  University, MIT, Northeastern University, Tufts
  University, University of Colorado, Boulder,
  University of Zurich and?
• Others are welcome to join!
• Firms such as BT, Cisco, Nokia and Novell also
  participating

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Phones SensorsWiFi SensorsCars
SensorsWalmarts supply chain SensorsPeople
Sensors(well, they will have sensors
in/on/around them, usually)

• Question
• Wireless Sensors are Everywhere
• Why Cant They Talk to Each Other?
• Why Cant they Share Resources?
• Further Research is Required!

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From a Traditional Internet Industry Structure to
Grids of Grids
Users and Providers of Information...
Etc...
Internet Cloud...
Local Access Network (periphery)...
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An Unclouded Internet
Analog or Digital Subscriber Lines
Dial-Up/DSL
Wireless
Cellular, Fixed, Satellite coax
CO, Head End, Site, Satellite Ground Station
cable ethernet or Powerline?
Router
Leased Line, FR, ...
Fiber/FTTH?
HFC Plant
Hardware/Software
Internet InterconnectionNAPs, Private Peering
Business Subscriber Lines
Leased Line
Optical Networks
ASP
IX
Edge Devices
End User
ISP
Web Servers
Source Adapted from Srinagesh, 1998.
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Futures LabMathematics and Computer Science
DivisionArgonne National Laboratoryfl-info_at_mcs.a
nl.gov
Supporting group-to-group interaction across the
Gridhttp//www.accessgrid.org
.
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Where is the Wireless Grid Going to Come From?
  Best Effort/Unlicensed Nomadic Spectrum
Market-Based Mobile
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What Will the Wireless Grid Value Chain Look Like?
Internet Access Provider (IAP) (retail services,
e.g. local access provider) -sales marketing,
customer service, billing - modem pools,
servers -leased access services -leased Internet
connection
Internet Service Provider (ISP) (wholesale
services, e.g., Internet backbone providers) -IP
routers, gateways -leased wide area transport
-peering and settlements
Local Facilities Provider (LAT) (e.g., local
telco) costs - local access, switching, and
transport facilities
Wide Area Facilities Provider (WAT) (e.g., long
distance carrier) - wide area switching, and
transport facilities
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A Virtual Market Ebay is a Grid-like
Marketplace
 

Analyses data to determine business needs of each
company also any inventory not picked up by
other companies is passed on to the consumer
                       
Consumer
Consumer
Source Fairmarket, 2001
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Wireless Grids

• Adhoc mobile resource sharing
• Shared Resources
• Computational cycles
• Network interfaces (screens, printers, etc)
• Sensors
• Output (eg screens, sound)
• Power
• The future of wireless devices?
• Co-operative, intelligent and capable

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Internetworking via Repeater Networks
Lower Power shorter links Collaborating to reach
partner
High Power to reach partner
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Characteristics of Wireless Grids

• Small, low powered devices
• Power efficiency major concern
• mobile nomadic devices
• Phones, PDAs, laptops, and ???
• Telematics eg Onstar, Car.net
• Mesh capabilities of groups of devices
• Resource pooling may enable new applications
• Networks of wireless sensors
• such as smartdust, or a phone
• Environmental, health, security monitoring

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Wireless Grids
Wire/
(W)LAN Grid
Wireless
Arriving
Gird
users/servers
Dynamic model
Departing
Internet
Internet
users/servers
Stable users
(W)LAN Grid
LAN
Stable servers
Grid
Static model
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Designing Wireless Grids
Design Wireless Communication and Computation
Grid Services for Usability and Network, Power,
Spectrum and Economic Efficiency by enabling Ad
Hoc Resource Sharing

• Service Discovery
• Pricing
• Payment
• Fulfillment

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Wireless Grid Application Classes

•   Class 1 Applications aggregating information
  from the range of input/output interfaces found
  in nomadic devices.
•   Class 2 Applications leveraging the
  locational and contextual characteristics in
  which the devices will be found
• Class 3 Applications leveraging the mesh
  network capabilities of groups of devices.

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DARC Protocol Stack
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DARC features(Distributed Ad Hoc Resource
Coordination)

• Ad-hoc resource discovery
• Collaboration is enabled without prior
  communication or technical knowledge.
• Spontaneous collaboration captures opportunities
  that pre-planning never could.

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More DARC features

• Collaboration enables activity that single
  devices cannot achieve
• Distributed recording allows surround-sound from
  regular recording devices.
• The distribution of devices enables the
  preservation of the audiences reactions, ideas
  and enthusiasm.
• Collaboration by users engages them in the event
  unlike any centralized system could.

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Conclusions

• Information, Computer Science, Engineering,
  Economics, Business, and Policy Models for
  Wireless Grid Services Require (Lots of) Further
  Research
• Including Modeling and Simulation
• Dynamic Social/Spatial Analyses Barely Begun
• Goal Nomadic Access to Wireless Grids Across
  Real and Virtual Worlds
• Potential Government Interests Many, Including
  Security, Home and Away
• Much More Research is Needed

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Summary Wireless Grids Business and Consumer
Applications So Far

• Formal and Informal Education
• Medical/Health
• Business/Inventory Management
• Business/Office Resource Management
• Emergency Communication/Homeland Security
• Music Entertainment
• And?

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Wireless Grid Business Models So Far

• Grid Service Developers
• Grid Service Operators
• Grid Application Service Providers

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The Killer App Virtual Offices Virtually
Anywhere?

• 3 Business Applications
• Resource Aggregation
• Brokerage Services
• Virtual Office Services
• A Shared Printer w your Latte or Fries?
• Logistics
• Tracking and Sensing Things Virtually Anywhere

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Grand Challenge Research Needs Scalable
Simulation Models of A Way Complex System

• Security/Privacy/Trust
• User Interface
• User Behavior
• Economics/Markets
• International Institutions
• Policy
• Environmental and Energy Impact

• Parallel/Grid Computing
• Computer IP Architecture
• Power Systems
• Ad Hoc Networks
• RF
• Network Management

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Credits PhD candidates do the heavy lifting of
course

• Diana Anius, Tufts University
• Praveen Aravamudham, Syracuse University
• James Howison, Syracuse University
• Ozlem Uzuner, MIT

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McKnights MIT Press books   Lee W. McKnight,
John Wroclawski, eds., Internet Services. The
Economics of Quality of Service in Networks,
Grids, and Markets , 2004 (in press) Lee W.
McKnight, Paul M. Vaaler, Raul L. Katz, eds.,
Creative Destruction Business Survival
Strategies in the Global Internet Economy, 2001,
2002, Japanese translation, Toyo Kezai 2003,
Chinese translation, Economic Science Press
2004 Lee W. McKnight, William Lehr, David D.
Clark, eds., Internet Telephony, 2001. W.
Russell Neuman, Lee McKnight, Richard Jay
Solomon, The Gordian Knot Political Gridlock on
the Information Highway, 1997, paperback 1999,
McGannon Award, 1998 Lee. W. McKnight, Joseph P.
Bailey, eds.,Internet Economics, 1997, paperback
1998.   For more information  http//www-mitpress
.mit.edu or  www.amazon.com
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References

• Diana Anius and Lee W. McKnight, Virtual Markets
  in Wireless Computation and Communication Grids,
  Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and
  Informatics, Orlando, Florida, July 14 18,
  2002.
• Marjory S. Blumenthal and David D. Clark,
  Rethinking the Design of The Internet The end
  to end argument versus the brave new world, ACM
  Transactions on Internet Technology, Vol. 1, No.
  1, August 2001.
• Rajkumar Buyya, Heinz Stockinger, Jonathan Giddy,
  and David Abramson, Economic Models for
  Management of Resources in Grid Computing, CERN,
  2001..
• EU Datagrid (www.eu-datagrid.org)
• Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, Steven Tuecke, The
  Anatomy of the Grid Enabling Scalable
  Organizations, International Journal of
  Supercomputer Applications, 2001.
• GriPhyN Grid Physics Network (www.griphyn.org)
• James Howison and Lee McKnight, Wireless Grids
  Distributed resource sharing by mobile, nomadic,
  and Fixed Devices, Special issue on Wireless
  Grids, IEEE Internet Computing, July/August 2004,
  in press.
• Information Power Grid (www.ipg.nasa.gov)
• William Lehr and Lee McKnight, Show Me the
  Money. Contracts And Agents In Service Level
  Agreement Markets, Info, 2002.

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References (contd)

• Marengo Research, www.marengoresearch.com
• Lee W. McKnight, Virtual Markets in Wireless
  Grids, Presentation and White Paper to 5th
  VWSIM, San Antonio, Texas, January 28-31, 2002
• Lee W. McKnight, Audrey Selian, Pratana
  Vongpivat, Mobile Regions Entrepreneurship In
  Information And Communication Technologies In
  National Innovation System Models, Trends in
  Communication, 2003
• Lee McKnight, William Lehr, Raymond Linsenmayer,
  Best Effort versus Spectrum Markets Wideband
  and Wi-Fi versus 3G MVNOs, in Lorrie Faith
  Cranor and Shane Greenstein, eds., Communication
  Policy and Information Technology Promises,
  Problems, and Prospects, MIT Press, 2002.
• Eli Noam, The Next Frontier for Openness
  Wireless Communications, TPRC, 2001
• Open Spectrum FAQ http//www.greaterdemocracy.org
  /OpenSpectrumFAQ.html
• Proposal to the National Science Foundation,
  Virtual Markets in a Wireless Communication and
  Computation Grid, TeleCom City/Tufts University,
  May 2002
• David Reed submission to Spectrum Policy
  Taskforce http//www.reed.com/OpenSpectrum/
• Kevin Werbach, SuperCommons, TPRC
• http//werbach.com/research/supercommons.html