Figure 11-29a N-Linked oligosaccharides. (a) All N-glycosidic protein attachments occur through a ?-N-acetylglucosamino

1
CH 23 Gluconeogenisis and Pentose Phosphate
Pathway
2
Figure 23-1 Pathways converting
lactate, pyruvate, and citric acid cycle
intermediates to oxaloacetate.
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3
Figure 23-2 Conversion of pyruvate to
oxaloacetate and then to phosphoenolpyruvate.
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4
Figure 23-3a Biotin and carboxybiotinylenzyme.
(a) Biotin consists of an imidazoline ring that
is cis-fused to a tetrahydrothiophene ring
bearing a valerate side chain.
5
Figure 23-3b Biotin and carboxybiotinylenzyme.
(b) In carboxybiotinylenzyme, N1 of the biotin
ureido group is the carboxylation site.
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6
Figure 23-4 Two-phase reaction mechanism of
pyruvate carboxylase.
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Figure 23-4 (continued) Two-phase reaction
mechanism of pyruvate carboxylase. Phase II
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8
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Figure 23-5 The PEPCK mechanism.
9
Figure 23-6 Transport of PEP and OAA from
the mitochondrion to the cytosol.
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Figure 23-7 Pathways of gluconeogenesis and
glycolysis.
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Table 23-1 Regulators of Gluconeogenic Enzyme
Activity.
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Figure 23-25 The pentose phosphate pathway.
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13
Figure 23-26 The glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase reaction.
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14
Figure 23-27 The phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
reaction.
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15
Figure 23-28 Ribulose- 5-phosphate isomerase
and ribulose- 5-phosphate epimerase.
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Figure 23-29 Mechanism of transketolase.
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Figure 23-30 Mechanism of transaldolase.
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Figure 23-31 Summary of carbon skeleton
rearrangements in the pentose phosphate pathway.
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19
PPP Song
20
Figure 24-1 Chloroplast from corn.
Page 872
Photosynthesis!!! Ch 24
21
Figure 24-3 Chlorophyll structures.
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Figure 24-3 (continued) Chlorophyll structures.
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Figure 24-4 Energy diagram indicating the
electronic states of chlorophyll and their most
important modes of inter-conversion.
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Figure 24-5 Absorption spectra of various
photosynthetic pigments.
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25
Figure 24-7a Flow of energy through a
photosynthetic antenna complex. (a) The
excitation resulting from photon absorption
randomlymigrates by exciton transfer.
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Figure 24-7b Flow of energy through a
photosynthetic antenna complex. (b) The
excitation is trapped by the RC chlorophyll.
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Figure 24-9 Model of the light-absorbing antenna
system of purple photosynthetic bacteria.
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Figure 24-13a Photosynthetic electron-transport
system of purple photosynthetic bacteria. (a) A
schematic diagram.
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Figure 24-13b The approximate standard reduction
potentials of the photosynthetic
electron-transport systems various components.
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30
Page 885
Figure 24-15 The Z-scheme for photosynthesis in
plants and cyanobacteria.
31
Figure 24-17 Schematic representation of the
thylakoid membrane showing the components of its
electron-transport chain.
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32
Figure 24-18 Detailed diagram of the Z-scheme of
photosynthesis.
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33
Figure 24-22 Schematic mechanism of O2 generation
in chloroplasts.
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Figure 24-29 Segregation of PSI and PSII.
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35
Figure 24-31 The Calvin cycle.
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Table 24-1 Standard and Physiological Free Energy
Changes for the Reactions of the Calvin Cycle.
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37
Figure 24-32 Algal 3BPG and RuBP levels on
removal of CO2.
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38
Figure 24-33a X-Ray structure of tobacco RuBP
carboxylase. (a) The quaternary structure of the
L8S8 protein.
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Page 900
Figure 24-34 Probable reaction mechanism of the
carboxylation reaction catalyzed by RuBP
carboxylase.
40
Figure 24-35 Light-activation mechanism of
FBPase and SBPase.
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Figure 24-36 Probable mechanism of the oxygenase
reaction catalyzed by RuBP carboxylaseoxygenase.
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42
Figure 24-37 Photorespiration.
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Figure 24-38 The C4 pathway.
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PS SONGhttp//www.csulb.edu/cohlberg/Songs/pho
tosynthesis.mp3
45
Alfonse, Biochemistry makes my head hurt!!
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