Motivation A leadership training lesson from The Pennsylvania State University.

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Motivation A leadership training lesson from
The Pennsylvania State University.
This powerpoint should be used in conjunction
with the Motivation lesson plan found at
http//leadership.cas.psu.edu/Training.html
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Motivation Overview

• Introduction
• Lesson Objectives
• Lesson Content
• Reflection Questions
• References

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Introduction

• Most definitions include the ability of a leader
  to motivate his followers to achieve a common
  goal
• Three common theories of motivation reveal some
  of the things that motivate people
• Money, Fame, Fortune, Etc.
• Altruism, Philanthropy, Intellect, Etc.
• A group of individuals may be equally motivated
  to undertake a task, but the sources of their
  motivation may differ

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Lesson Objectives

• At the end of the lesson, you will be able to
• Describe different theories of motivation
• Discuss how motivation affects a leaders ability
  to lead

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Motivation

• What motivates people?
• Money, possessions, prestige, philanthropy,
  intellect?
• What drives an individual to make decisions are
  an important part of being both leader and
  follower
• Leaders should know what motivates themselves as
  well as their followers
• Enables a better fit of leadership style to
  followers needs

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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

• Developed in 1854, with bottom needs receiving
  more priority than top needs
• Self-Actualization a state of well being,
  knowing exactly who you are
• Esteem recognition, feeling of
  accomplishment
• Belongingness Having a group, having friends
• Safety feeling free of immediate danger
• Physiological food, water, shelter, clothing

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Herzbergs Motivation and Hygiene Factors

• Hygiene Factors
• Working Conditions
• Policies/rules
• Salary or benefits
• Supervisors
• Status
• Job security
• Fellow workers
• Personal life

• Motivation Factor
• Recognition
• Achievement
• Advancement
• Growth
• Responsibility
• Job challenge

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The Three Needs Theory

• Developed by David McClelland in 1961
• People are motivated by one of three things
• The need for achievement
• The need for power
• The need for affiliation

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The Three Needs Theory

• People with a need for achievement
• Are motivated by solving problems, creating new
  products or processes, or ways of doing things
• Readily accept different responsibilities
• Require feedback from the leader regarding their
  performance on the assigned task
• They are inventors, innovators, and problem
  solvers

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The Three Needs Theory

• Persons with a need for power
• Need control over their situation
• Should be involved in planning the activities
  they are to carry out
• Persons motivated by the need for affiliation
• Work best with groups of people
• Seek relationships and interactions with a
  variety of different types of people
• These followers can work effectively on
  problem-solving teams and development groups

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Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation(Lepper, 1988)

• Intrinsic Motivation is when an individual takes
  on an activity
• For its own sake
• For the enjoyment it provides
• For the knowledge gained
• For the feelings of accomplishment it brings
• Extrinsic Motivation is when an individual
  performs
• In order to gain some kind of reward
• In order to avoid some kind of punishment
  separate from the activity

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Problems with Motivation

• FUN
• The inherent attractiveness of the job
• ITS MINE
• The ability of an individual to identify the task
• ITS NOT BORING
• The variety of skills needed or desired
• ITS A GAME
• The challenge of the job
• MONEY
• The rewards from the outside

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Reflection Questions

• Why is the study of motivation important to
  leaders?
• Is it only important to know what motivates
  followers or what motivates you as a leader?
• Why?

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Reflection Questions

• Think about how you, as a leader, can address the
  five different factors we discussed that can
  cause leaders problems
• How can you make your job, or a followers job,
  more fun?
• How can you help followers take ownership of the
  job?
• How can you help people use a variety of skills?
• How can you put challenge into jobs?
• How can you make certain that followers know that
  they are doing a good job?

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References

• Herzberg, F. (1966). Work and the nature of man.
  Cleveland, OH World Publishing, Inc.
• Lepper, M.R. (1988). Motivational considerations
  in the study of instruction. Cognition and
  Instruction. 5(4). 289-309.
• Lumsden, L.S. (1994). Student motivation to
  learn. Eugene, OR ERIC Clearinghouse on
  Educational Management. ERIC Document
  Reproduction Service No. ED370200.
• Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality.
  New York, NY Harper Row.