Mind at Play II: Cognitive Dissonance Loftus and Loftus

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Mind at Play II Cognitive Dissonance(Loftus and
Loftus)

• Wk 4
• Shuen-shing LeeUnless otherwise specified, the
  ideas and concepts in this ppt are either quoted
  or cited from Loftus and Loftus Mind at Play

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Mind at Play IICognitive Dissonance

• An issue Games may be more reinforcing, not
  less, if you have to pay for them? If true,
  enters the cognitive dissonanceNote you need a
  reason to justify the money spent
• The experimentA tedious, boring task to be
  done. One group, after getting the task done,
  was offered 20 to lie to others that the task
  was fun. The other group was offered 1 to do
  the same things.
• The result the 1 group claimed to like the
  tedious task much better than did the 20 group.

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Mind at Play IICognitive Dissonance

• The theory When a person performs acts that are
  in conflict with one another, cognitive
  dissonance will arise in his mind to reduce the
  conflict. In the forementioned experiment, the
  conflict was between (1) the peoples knowledge
  that they were performing a boring task and (2)
  their knowledge that they had told someone else
  that the task was fun. The 20 group, which
  considered the job much more boring, had adequate
  justificationthey were hired guns, paid to lie.
  The 1 group didnt have this handy
  justification. By believing that the task was
  more interesting, they created a justification
  for the positive report that they made about it.

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Mind at Play IICognitive Dissonance

• Extrinsic reinforcementThe 20 group got
  sufficient extrinsic reinforcement to justify
  their lying.
• Intrinsic reinforcementThe 1 dollar group got
  insufficient extrinsic reinforcement to justify
  their lying. Then, the intrinsic reinforcement
  had to be generated. The subjects had to decide
  that the task was more intrinsically fulfilling.

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Mind at Play IIIRegret and Alternative Worlds

• One case Two passengers, Mr. Smith and Mr.
  Jones, have missed their respective flight "in
  equal difficulty," but Smith is late for two
  minutes while Jones late for half an hour. Smith
  usually experiences worse regret, since the
  discrepancy between his reality (two minutes
  late) and the alternate world (catching up the
  flight) is much less.
• The theory Psychologists propose that the less
  the difference between one's reality and its
  "alternate world," the more regret one gets.

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Mind at Play IIIRegret and Alternative Worlds

• The case of games In the gaming process, a wrong
  decision that ends the game (the reality) usually
  makes the player regret not having advanced to
  the next level or cracked the game (the
  alternate). When tuning the difficulty for a
  level of a game, designers attempt to minimize
  the distance between advancement and failure,
  thus maximizing the degree of regret in the
  player's response, or, in other words, augmenting
  the possibility of the player's inserting more
  quarters or reloading the previously saved game
  to assuage his regret.

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Asimo Speech to Speechsource
http//world.honda.com/ASIMO/
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Robo Dog Speech to Speech?Robo dog proves hit
with the elderlyCould it replace man's best
friend?Source http//www.pocket-lint.co.uk/news/
news.phtml/13144/14168/Robot-dog-popular-with-elde
rly.phtml
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Tactical Iraqi Speech to SpeechUsing games to
learn Iraqi and other languagesSource
http//www.tacticallanguage.com/gettingthem.html
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Nurse Bot Using AIMLSource http//www.alicebot.
org/oldnews2007.html
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ALICE Text to Text, Text to Speech

• The MechanismSpeech ? (Text ? Text ) ?
  SpeechSpeech ? (Text ? Text ) ? Speech
• Our focus Text-to-Text (the core concept of a
  bot), devoid of the speech-to-speech engineering.
  Note A TTT bot can be rendered into a TTS bot
  in the Pandorabots environment.

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AIML-ALICE 1

• Apply for a pandorabot account
• Log in
• Create a Pandorabot--Give it a name--Choose a
  brain (e.g., ALICE, version 2003)--Press the
  Create Pandorabot
• Publish the bot

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AIML-ALICE 2

• Click the bots address to have it tested on the
  Internet.
• Custom HTML--Use the HTML tags readily
  available in the description section.--Relocate
  OUTPUT to the place after input--Give the
  file a name and submit it.--To modify the file,
  click Custom HTML. Your html file will be on
  the list. Click it. After modification is done,
  save the file and press submit changes.

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AIML-ALICE 3

• Properties--change properties or add new
  --properties form ( properties such as
  interest tennis)
• Press submit changes
• REPUBLISH the bot

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AIML-Blank 1

• Create a Pandorabot--Give it a name--Choose
  the option, no initial content--Press the
  Create Pandorabot
• Publish the bot
• Do a comparison between 072-alice and 072-blank
  in light of AIML section

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AIML-Blank 2

• Do not try properties (before building up more
  AIML file).
• Learn to use Pandorawriter.--A sample writing
  below. Convert it and download it to your local
  machine. Later, upload it to the AIML
  page.What is your nameCall me AlHow old
  are you18Tell me more about yourselfWhy
  should I?You need a job from meOh ya
• NOTES 1. Pandorawriter provides only one-to-one
  mode. Lets learn a little bit of AIML tags to
  empower our bots.2. As long as theres an
  asterisk in superscript after the bots name, it
  means the bot needs a republish.

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AIML-Blank 3

• Open up one of your files in the AIML page and
  check.
• Use the space in the file and add more
  categories.--one-to-one mode--one-to-many (see
  next ppt page)--one-to-many-many--many-to-one
  v1 (random)--many-to-one v2 (the
  ultimate)--many-to-one v3 (lt/sraigt)--many-to-ma
  ny (lt/sraigt random)--many-to-many-many?
• NOTES For samples, go to the instructors
  website downloads/hyper-aiml-samples.doc

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AIML-Blank 4

• One-to-many A sampleltcategorygt ltpatterngt
  What do you like to eat lt/patterngt
  lttemplategt ltrandomgt ltigtspaghettilt/igt
  ltigtnoodlelt/igt lt/randomgt
  lt/templategtlt/categorygt