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Career Counseling with Minority Groups

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Career Counseling with Minority Groups ... Martin (1995) Career Counseling Strategies. 1. Gather ... use culturally sensitive counseling theories ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Career Counseling with Minority Groups


1
Career Counseling with Minority Groups
2
Culture and Values
  • Culture consists of a set of attitudes, values,
    beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of
    people
  • Every culture has its own unique value system
  • Influences of cultural values
  • Human nature
  • Person-nature relationship
  • Time orientation
  • Activity
  • Self control
  • Social relationships

3
Culture and Values
  • Work Values
  • Hoftede (1984) work value differences
  • Power distance
  • Uncertainty avoidance
  • Individualism/Collectivism
  • Masculinity

4
Culture and Work Values
  • Brown et. al (2002) Addressing values in the
    workplace with minority clients
  • Learn work place values
  • Identify value clashes or conflicts
  • Develop a bi-cultural identity
  • Become workplace advocates

5
African Americans
  • Demographics
  • Jacksons 4 stages of identity development
  • 1. Passive acceptance
  • 2. Active resistance
  • 3. Redirection
  • 4. Internalization
  • Career Counseling Strategies
  • 1. Develop self concept
  • 2. Learning to be more internally directed
  • 3. Learning about job opportunities
  • 4. Clarifying motivational aspirations
  • 5. Learning to cope with White society

6
Asian Americans
  • Demographics
  • Concerns to Address in Counseling
  • Career Counseling strategies behavioral
    techniques
  • 1. Learning self assertion
  • 2. Learning to understand organizational
    structure
  • 3. Improving communication skills
  • 4. Improving interpersonal skills
  • 5. Learning to understand the work environment
  • 6. Using parents as role models

7
Hispanic Americans
  • Demographics
  • Fouad (1995) Career Intervention Strategies for
    Hispanics
  • 1. Determine value system
  • 2. Be flexible
  • 3. Choose appropriate assessment instruments
  • 4. Address school retention (when applicable)
  • 5. Develop self efficacy
  • 6. Provide a variety of occupational choices
  • General Counseling Strategies
  • 3 steps goal setting, parents, finances

8
Native Americans
  • Demographics
  • Development
  • 1. Tradition , 2. Transitional, 3. Marginal,
  • 4 Assimilated, 5 Bi-cultural
  • Martin (1995) Career Counseling Strategies
  • 1. Gather tribal information
  • 2. Establish communication style
  • 3. Be flexible
  • 4. Assess English ability
  • 5. Increase knowledge
  • 6. Include hands on learning interventions

9
World Views
  • Individuals perception and understanding of the
    world
  • Aspects of world views
  • Variance in world views
  • Multicultural competent counselor

10
Culturally Competent Counselors
  • Possess the ability to recognize self values,
    assumptions, and biases
  • Understand own level of identity development
    (Janet Helms White Racial Identity Model)
  • Understand and use culturally sensitive
    counseling theories
  • Understand the impact of sociopolitical forces on
    identity development and career development
  • Are sensitive to worldview differences
  • Use counseling strategies effective for ethnic
    minorities

11
Multicultural Career Counseling
  • Working with Immigrants
  • Come from a variety of cultures
  • Specific things to address when working with
    immigrants
  • Legal Statuscan they actually work?
  • Examine acculturation and assimilation
  • Examine transferable work skills
  • Examine language ability
  • Examine level of education
  • Suggestions for interviewing multicultural groups
    (pg 302)

12
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual
  • General Counseling Issues
  • Stereotyping
  • Homophobia
  • Internalized homophobia
  • Heterosexist assumptions
  • Consequences of discrimination in the workplace
  • Physical violence
  • Hidden discrimination
  • The lavender ceiling

13
Sexual Minorities Assessing Identity
  • Cass (1979) model of sexual identity development
  • Stage 1. Identity Confusion- not knowing or
    understanding much about his or her own sexual
    minority orientation
  • Stage 2. Identity Comparison- the individual
    acknowledges the possibility of being attracted
    to the same sex
  • Stage 3. Identity Tolerance- the individual
    tolerates rather than accepts and identification
    of an individual whose sexual orientation is
    different

14
Sexual Minorities
  • Stage 4. Identity Acceptance- this stage is
    characterized by continued contacts with other
    l/g/b persons to validate a new identity and a
    new way of life
  • Stage 5. Identity Pride- the individual takes
    pride in disclosing an identity as l/g/b
  • Stage 6. Identity Synthesis- when one accepts his
    or her sexuality

15
Views of Homosexuality. What is the influence on
career development?
  • Asian Americans
  • More accepted in the majority culture than in
    Asian culture
  • Yin-Yang emphasis Gender role emphasis
    Tradition
  • Increased levels of intra-cultural discrimination
  • African Americans
  • Less accepting of LGBT persons than majority
    culture
  • Spirituality, multiple identities
  • Increased levels of intra-cultural
    discrimination little support

16
Views of Homosexuality. What is the influence on
career development?
  • Hispanic
  • Not as accepted as in the majority culture
  • Fear rejection from the community
  • Little tolerance for Homosexuality
  • Native American
  • More accepting than other ethnic minority groups
  • Two-Spirited
  • Gender roles are not as rigid

17
Gelberg Chojnacki (1996)
  • 1. Pre-counseling preparation
  • 2. Establish an affirmative trusting relationship
  • 3. Assess client identity stage and related
    issues
  • 4. Identity variables that may limit career
    choice
  • 5. Complete a tailored assessment
  • 6. Complete job search strategies while being
    conscious of the clients sexual orientation and
    stage of identity development

18
Elliott (1993)
  • Forbidden career for LGB persons
  • Military
  • Food service
  • Teaching or childcare
  • Doctors
  • APA guidelines for working with sexual minorities
  • 1. Be aware of own issues
  • 2. Be comfortable w/ sexual minorities
  • 3. Know when to transfer

19
Elliott (1993)
  • How to work in the LGB community
  • Market yourself as an LGB career counselor
  • Word of mouth
  • Display paraphernalia that is LGB sensitive
  • Rainbow
  • Books and magazines
  • Host workshops in the LGB community on career
    development etc.
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