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Rheology of Drilling and Completion Fluids

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Cool, lubricate, and support the bit and drilling assembly. Transmit hydraulic energy to tools and bit. Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Rheology of Drilling and Completion Fluids


1
Lesson 2
  • Rheology of Drilling and Completion Fluids

2
Rheology of Drilling and Completion Fluids
  • Functions of Drilling/Completion Fluids
  • Fluid Types,
  • Fluid Models
  • Introduction to Rotary Viscometer
  • Other Testing Equipment
  • Objectives of Monitoring Fluids

3
Rheology of Drilling and Completion Fluids
  • Read MI Chapters 1, 2, 3, 5
  • Watch Multimedia program 3 4

4
Functions of Drilling/Completion Fluids
  • Remove cuttings from the well.
  • Control formation pressures.
  • Suspend and release cuttings.
  • Seal permeable formations.

5
Functions of Drilling/Completion Fluids
  • Maintain wellbore stability.
  • Minimize reservoir damage.
  • Cool, lubricate, and support the bit and drilling
    assembly.
  • Transmit hydraulic energy to tools and bit.

6
Functions of Drilling/Completion Fluids
  • Ensure adequate formation evaluation.
  • Control corrosion.
  • Facilitate cementing and completion.
  • Minimize impact on the environment

7
Fluid Types,
  • Water based
  • Oil based
  • Air
  • Mists
  • Foams

8
Flow Regimes
  • Plug Flow
  • Flat flow profile
  • Velocity at walls is almost the same as in the
    middle
  • Low velocities, and high viscosities

9
Flow Regimes
  • Laminar flow
  • Parallel layers of mud flow
  • Bullet shaped flow profile
  • Velocity at the wall is approximately 0
  • Velocity at the middle is maximum

10
Flow Regimes
  • Laminar Flow
  • Drillstring
  • Annulus

11
Flow Regimes
  • Turbulent flow
  • Flow pattern is eratic

12
Flow Regimes
Wellbore Turbulent flow Transition flow Complete
Streamline Incomplete Streamline Plug flow No
Flow
  • Summary

13
Fluid Models
  • Newtonian Model
  • Bingham Plastic Model
  • Power Law Model

14
Rheology
  • The study of how matter deforms and flows.
  • Primarily concerned with the relationship of
    shear stress and shear rate and the impact these
    have on flow characteristics inside tubulars and
    annular spaces.

15
Hydraulics
  • Describes how fluid flow creates and uses
    pressures.

16
Rheological Models
  • In drilling fluids, the flow behavior of the
    fluid must be described using rheological models
    and equations before hydraulic equations can be
    applied.

17
Viscosity????
  • Funnel Viscosity Marsh Funnel
  • Apparent Viscosity
  • Effective Viscosity
  • Plastic Viscosity
  • Yield Point
  • Low-shear viscosity and Low-shear-rate viscosity
  • Gel Strengths

18
Funnel Viscosity
Measured in Sec/quart
Marsh Funnel
19
Shear Stress Shear Rate
  • Shear Stress Force required to sustain the
    shear rate.
  • Shear Rate Function of the fluid velocity

20
Newtonian Model
  • Shear Stress, t, is proportional to the Shear
    Rate, g
  • Plot intersects at the origin
  • t mg
  • m Viscosity, centipoise f300 reading

m
t
300 rpm
g
21
Bingham Plastic Model
  • Shear Stress, t, is proportional to the Shear
    Rate, g
  • Plot intersects at the Yield Point (not 0)
  • t mpg ty
  • mp PV
  • ty YP

22
Power Law Model
  • Shear Stress, t, is proportional to the Shear
    Rate, g
  • Plot intersects at the origin

23
Which is correct?
24
Introduction to Rotary Viscometer
  • Viscosity, PV, YP, n, K all calculated from
    viscometer readings

25
Viscometer
26
Rotational Viscometer
27
Other Testing Equipment
  • Filter Press
  • Measures filter cake thickness and Fluid Loss

28
Other Testing Equipment
  • pH meters used to measure pH of whole mud,
    filtrate, and filter cake
  • Retorts used to determine oil content, etc.
  • Test for sand content
  • Test for clay content

29
Objectives of Monitoring Fluids
  • Identify potential hole problems and to identify
    their causes
  • could be poor hole cleaning
  • hole erosion
  • formation damage
  • sensitive formations
  • pressure control problems
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