Personality

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Personality

• Where Does Personality Come From?

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Theories of Personality

• What is personality?
• Personality Broad and long-lasting patterns of
  behavior.
• Mood a conscious yet temporary state of mind
  or emotion

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Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

• The psychoanalytic theory was popularized by
  Sigmund Freud (1856-1939).
• Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality How we
  develop and behave results from impulses or needs
  that are unknown to us (hidden forces).
• A trained professional can see the origin of a
  persons psychological problems by analyzing
  their thoughts, feelings, and history to reveal
  what is going on beneath the surface.

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Psychoanalysts
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Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality (Freud)

• Freud The core of ones personality appears
  within the first 5-6 years of life and is more or
  less fixed. For the most part, this core come
  from ones family.
• Our feelings about ourselves come from
  jealousies, anxieties, and guilt regarding other
  family members.

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The Unconscious

• The Unconscious Part of the mind removed from
  conscious memory but still with us.
• Although we are unaware, the unconscious still
  affects behavior.
• Freud believed our true feelings appear in dreams
  and mistakes when we are speaking (Freudian
  slips).

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Freudian Slip???

• For seven and a half years Ive worked alongside
  President Reagan. Weve had triumphs. Made some
  mistakes. Weve had some sex . . . uh . . .
  setbacks.
• George H. W. Bush, 1998

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The Unconscious

• Freud believed everyone has desires they want to
  hide, so we make them disappear (repression).
  According to Freud, needs and desires are
  forbidden cause guilt, so they are repressed into
  the unconscious.
• Freud reached the unconscious through free
  association, where a person says everything on
  their mind, even if it seems unconnected.

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Free Association

• Mother
• Pet
• Lunch
• School
• Work
• Sister
• Car
• Hair

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The Libido

• Freuds theory emphasizes an interaction between
  conscious and unconscious forces.
• Freud believed humans had real (biological, not
  symbolic) energy inside them that controlled
  behavior. This energy he called libido.
• The libido constantly seeks discharge, and this
  creates tension. If the tension isnt released
  in real life, the desires appear as dreams or
  fantasies.

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Freuds Map of the Mind

• Freud divided the inner world of the mind into 3
  parts
• One responsible for needs
• One responsible for societys rules for behavior
• On that deals with the real world and keeps the
  other two in balance

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Id, Superego, and Ego

• Id All of our basic needs and drives make up
  the id
• Contains the libido
• Doesnt directly know what is going on because it
  is unconscious
• Causes psychological problems, but without the
  id, we wouldnt survive
• Superego Conscience holds the id in check
• Causes us to feel guilt and pride
• If allowed to go unchecked, would block our
  drives and instincts
• Ego The self allows the id to express
  itself in some safety
• Balances our desires with demands of reality
  (The Controller)

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Id, Superego, and Ego

• If the id has too much control, our
  personalities, will be more demanding of
  animalistic needs
• Whiny
• Pouty
• Never satisfied
• If the superego has too much control, our
  personalities will be guilt-ridden
• Shy
• Fearful
• Withdrawn

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Freuds Stages of Development

• Freuds theory says personality develops in 5
  stages, birth through adolescence
• The first 3 stages deal with major conflicts
• According to Freud, adult psychological problems
  have roots in early childhood and can be traced
  to unresolved conflicts that originated during
  this time
• When one of these conflicts is unresolved, libido
  energy gets stuck (fixated) at that stage, which
  creates psychological problems (alcoholism,
  eating disorders, depression, etc.)

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Freuds Stages of Development

• 1. Oral Stage Birth to 1 ½ years
• Feeding is the main source of infants pleasure,
  and weaning is the task to be dealt with
  (conflict)
• When a child is weaned too early or too late,
  personality problems develop
• i.e. - overdependence on others, rejecting
  others, being overly sarcastic, overeating,
  self-starvation

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Oral Stage
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Freuds Stages of Development

• 2. Anal Stage 1 ½ years to 2 ½ years
• The task (conflict) in the anal stage is toilet
  training
• Early in the anal stage, the child gets pleasure
  from delivering feces. Late in the stage (after
  toilet training begins), the child gets pleasure
  from withholding feces
• If the trainer (parents, usually) is too
  lenient or too harsh, psychological problems will
  develop
• i.e. overly stingy or generous, sticking
  rigidly to rules and regulations,
  irresponsibility, and rebelliousness

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Ahhh, the anal stage.
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Freuds Stages of Development

• 3. Phallic Stage 2 ½ years to 5-6 years
• Oedipus Complex Desire to marry the
  opposite-sex parent, along with jealous and
  hostile feelings toward the same-sex parent
• Because parents are bigger, a fear of punishment
  develops. The possibility of being punished
  causes guilt because, in the childs mind, one is
  only punished for being bad
• The only way to cope with all these romantic,
  jealous, aggressive, anxious, and guilty feelings
  is to identify with the same-sex parent
• Failure to resolve this identification conflict
  can result in psychological problems
• i.e. unreasonable anxiety, extreme guilt,
  phobias, and depression

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What if these were your parents?
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Review of Freuds Oral, Anal, and Phallic Stages

• Review of Freud's Oral, Anal, and Phallic Stages

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Freuds Stages of Development

• 4. Latency Stage 6 years to preadolescence
• Latent (def) Beneath the surface, hidden
• Conflicts and problems from earlier stages remain
  subdued, or latent
• There are no new conflicts at this stage

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Freuds Stages of Development

• 5. Genital Stage Adolescence onward
• As people seek appropriate marriage partners and
  prepare for adult life, the conflicts of early
  childhood reappear (no new conflicts)
• Although the way in which they are expressed may
  have changed, their content is left over from the
  first 5 years of life

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Freuds Stages of Development

• Can you think of any examples of how Freud might
  say these earlier conflicts from the oral, anal,
  and phallic stage may resurface in adulthood?
• Examples
• Oral Fixation stuck in the oral stage (weaned
  too late)
• Neat Freak obsessed with neatness stuck in
  the anal stage (punished too harsh when toilet
  trained)
• Fear of Authority fixated at phallic stage
  (never identified with same-sex parent)

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Fraud . . . I mean Freud.

• What about Freuds theory do you agree with?
• What do you disagree with?