Opportunities in ITS Technologies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

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Opportunities in ITS Technologies for Hybrid
Electric Vehicles

• Prof. Umit Ozguner
• The Ohio State UniversityDept. of Electrical
  and Computer Engineering and Center for
  Automotive Research

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A review of two parallel developments1. ITS,
specifically Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)
Communication issues2. Hybrid Electric Vehicles
(and more recently, Plug-In Hybrid Electric
Vehicles)
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Relevant ITS Technologies
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Transmission using infrastructure (highway or
in-city)
Vehicle 1
Vehicle 2
? Transmit incident information which
occurred a long distance away.
x km
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Transmission using infrastructure (in city)
Traffic light broadcasting timing
Vehicle

• Transmit red-green signal timing so that
  upcoming vehicle may slow down.
• Transmit GPS correction signal.
• Transmit detailed map of intersection.

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Inter-Vehicle Communication

• Sending information regarding forward traffic
  jam.
• Sending information to allow tight following

Vehicle 1
Vehicle 2
Traffic Jam
Vehicle 1
Vehicle 2
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An example from the US The CICAS-V Program
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Relevant CONTROL ISSUES
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What can we provide HEVs?

• Intersection issues Stop-and-go traffic (cold
  start problems). time to stop, time to
  accelerate
• In-traffic driving We can generate true
  look-ahead speed profiles (not statistical
  drive cycles).
• We can generate look-ahead load profiles based
  on road grade and other real-time estimates
• For plug-in hybrid usage we can estimate
  re-charge schedules and locations

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Control Approaches

• Many HEV control problems have been formulated as
  a receding horizon control problem. With an EECC,
  preview information of road profile and traffic
  flow information would be assumed to be available
  for a look-ahead time/distance as the horizon
  information. An optimal controller can be
  implemented to minimize fuel consumption by
  controlling the torque profile for the time
  horizon. As the car moves forward with preview
  information control is also updated

• One approach to this problem requires the use of
  the anticipated effective load on the vehicle.
  Our group and others have considered this and
  preliminary investigations have been reported on
  simple road-grade effects. Presently we are
  considering a more general issue of look-ahead
  effective load variation where grade is one
  (possibly, but not necessarily, dominant) factor.

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A TESTBED AT OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
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Introducing L-VIS a VI Communication Testbed at
OSU
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Presently only one Base Station set up.
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Microhard Spectra 910A900 MHz Modems

• 1 Watt, 902-928 MHz, Frequency Hopping with user
  defined hopping pattern
• 115,200 Baud over the air
• Range up to 20 miles (line of sight)-
  significantly less at CAR due to low-lying
  terrain and surrounding buildings
• Single Master (base station) and Multiple Slave
  (mobile) Units, repeater units are also possible
• CRC error detection, forward error correction,
  encryption with 16 bit key

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Dlink DWL-AG530 802.11a/b/g Wifi PCI Interface

• Commercial Off the Shelf Interface Adapter
• Support Windows XP and Linux
• High speed network communication at either 2.4
  GHz (802.11b/g) or 5.8 GHz (802.11a)
• Stand-in for 802.11p or other short distance,
  high data rate, encrypted communications link
• Drivers are open source and may provide
  significant access to network/MAC layer for
  customization and experimentation

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Hardware Testbed Vehicles

• 1999 Honda Odessy Minivan
• Rack-mount CPU running Linux and Windows XP and
  front mounted touch screen display
• Roof mounted passenger display
• OBD-2 vehicle data bus reader and brake,turn
  signal, windshield wiper switch detectors
• Forward and read laser rangefinders (SICK
  LMS-221)
• Forward radar (Eaton-Vorad)
• Differential GPS and fiber optic yaw sensor
• Forward and rear cameras
• 2006 Highlander Hybrid SUV
• Several rack mount CPUs running Linux and QNX
• 360 degree surround sensing
• Ibeo AlascaXT and Sick LMS-221 (2)
• MaCom SRS Radar Sensors (3)
• Vision based lane tracking and forward obstacle
  detection
• Differential GPS and high-accuracy 6 DOF FOG IMU
• CAN vehicle data bus reader
• 1999 Honda Odessy Minivan
• CPU running Linux and front mounted touch screen
  display
• Roof mounted passenger display

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What about PHEVs?

• Communication needed to determine the location of
  cars
• Communication needed to plan based on the
  intent of cars
• Although data regarding payment may be possible
  through special plugs (implying wired ground
  line connection), the wireless network
  connection to the car may provide wider
  possibilities especially with the two points
  above.

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Conclusion

• We have only scratched the surface of
  possibilities!