Material Safety Data Sheets

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Material Safety Data Sheets

• M.J. Electric, Inc.

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What is a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?

• An MSDS is a technical document which provides
  detailed and comprehensive information on a
  controlled product related to
• health effects of overexposure to a substance
• Hazard evaluation relation to the products
  handling storage or use
• measures to protect people at risk of
  overexposure and
• emergency procedures.
• The criteria for an MSDS are stated in the WHMIS
  legislation under the Hazardous Product
  Act/Controlled Product Regulation

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What is the purpose of an MSDS?

• Intended to supplement the alert info provided on
  labels.
• It is a technical information reference,
  originally written for engineers, medical
  doctors, industrial hygienists.
• To educate people how to safely handle controlled
  products.
• An MSDS is NOT a document intended to represent
  all the information needed for safe use of a
  product. The variety of required protective
  measures cannot be anticipated through one sheet.
  It cannot foresee all possible type worker
  exposure.

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Info to be disclosed on an MSDS as per WHMIS

• Hazardous Ingredients
• Preparation Information
• Product Information
• Physical Data
• Fire or Explosion Hazard
• Reactivity Data
• Toxicological Properties
• Preventive Measures
• First Aid Measures

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Hazardous IngredientsSection 2 in sample MSDS

• This section lists the hazardous ingredients as
  per WHMIS criteria. Concentration of each
  ingredient in w/w, v/v, or w/v is given in
  certain ranges as per WHMIS criteria
• CAS NO, PIN NUMBER
• TLV, TWA
• LD50, LC50

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Hazardous Ingredients contd. Classification as a
Hazardous Ingredient

• It meets one or more of WHMIS hazard criteria and
  is present in excess of 0.1 for carcinogens,
  teratogens, embryotoxins, reproductive toxins or
  respiratory tract sensitizers. All others such as
  oxidizers, corrosive, or flammables are reported
  when present in excess of 1.
• If a given substance is on the WHMIS Ingredient
  disclosure list and it is a trade secret than a
  special registration number is given.
• Nothing is known about a given ingredient.

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Hazardous Ingredients contd. Material
Identification (Section 1)

• Common chemical name, trade name, IUPAC name may
  be given.
• CAS Number - The identification number assigned
  to a chemical substance by the Chemical Abstracts
  Service Division of the American Chemical
  Society. The CAS number is unique to each
  ingredient.
• PIN is also given. This number is assigned to the
  product in the Transportation of Dangerous Goods
  Regulation.

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Hazardous Ingredients contd. LD50/LC50?

• These values are measures of acute toxicity
• For materials causing immediate and serious
  health effects, these values - in part - further
  classify the material as being toxic or very
  toxic.
• LD Lethal Dose. LC Lethal concentration. It
  is the dose of the material which causes the
  death of 50 (one-half) of a group of test
  animals when given a single dose. It can be
  measured for different routes of exposure, but
  dermal and oral values are most relevant.
• How does it apply to humans?

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Preparation Information (Section 1 in sample
msds)

• The date the MSDS was prepared - As per WHMIS
  these documents must be reviewed every 3 years
  (not the case with American law - OSHA) or when a
  new hazard is reported.
• The name of the department and company that
  prepared this MSDS is given here.
• Any concerns - call the number to get further
  assistance.

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Product Information contd.

• The name of the material including some of its
  other names like common names and trade name
• the materials main use
• names address and emergency phone numbers of the
  manufacturer and supplier
• Example
• Name Toluene
• Other Names toluol, methylbenzene,
  phenylmethane, methyl benzol
• Use Solvent for organic synthesis and explosive
  manufacture

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Physical Data(Section 9 in sample msds)

• This section includes physical characteristic of
  the material based on scientific knowledge and
  testing.
• Gas, liquid, or solid
• The physical state determines how the material
  may enter the body.
• In general gases enter the body by inhalation,
  liquids by ingestion or absorption and solids by
  ingestion. Dusts and fumes, which are solids, can
  also be inhaled.

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Physical Properties contd..Appearance and Odour

• This subsection will describe how the material
  looks and smells.
• Solids are described as granular, powdery,
  crystalline.
• Liquids may be classified by their viscosity
  (thick or thin)
• Odour may be described as fruity, sharp, or
  unpleasant. For example, Ethyl acetate is a
  colourless liquid with a sweet fruity odour.

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Physical Properties contd. Odour Threshold

• This is the minimum concentration of the material
  that can be detect by the sense of smell. It is
  expressed in PPM. For example, ammonia can be
  detected at 1-5 PPM.
• Compare this value to the exposure values such as
  TLV or TWA.
• Example Toluene diisocyante has an odour
  threshold of 0.4 to 2.4 PPM where as the exposure
  limit (ACGIH or as specified in regulations) is
  considerably lower at 0.005 PPM.
• Varying individual sensitivity to smell is
  another reason why detection by odour should not
  be relied upon.

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Physical Properties contd.
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Physical Properties contd.
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Physical Properties contd.
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Fire or Explosion Hazard(Section 5 in sample
msds)

• This subsection will indicate whether or not
  there is a danger of the material igniting and
  under what conditions.
• E.g. Vapours of toluene will ignite if they come
  into contact with a flame or spark.
• When a material is listed as flammable or
  combustible, precautions must be taken to prevent
  it reaching its flash point.

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Fire or Explosion Hazard contd.Flash point

• It is the lowest temperature at which a
  sufficient amount of vapour is given off to
  create a mixture with air which is flammable on
  contact with open flame or spark.
• The lower the flash point the higher the risk of
  fire.
• E.g.. Styrene has a flash point of 31 Deg. C. IF
  the temperature of the room reaches 31 Deg. C. ,
  a fire may begin if its vapours come into contact
  with an open flame or spark.

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Fire or Explosion Hazard contd.Auto-Ignition
Temperature

• The lowest temperature at which spontaneous
  ignition of the material in air begins in the
  absence of a flame or spark.
• The lower the auto-ignition temperature, the
  greater the risk of fire.
• E.g.. Turpentine has an auto-ignition temperature
  of 253 Deg. C. It will, therefore, not ignite by
  itself unless it is heated to that temperature.

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Fire or Explosion Hazard contd.Explosive limit

• LOWER explosive limit (L.E.L.)
• It is the LOWEST percent volume/volume ratio of a
  vapour or gas in air that can explode if
  ignited.
• Mixtures below L.E. L. are to lean to burn.
• E.g.. Gasoline has an L.E. L. of 1.4. If the
  conc of the vapours is lt1.4 there is no risk.
  But when it reaches 1.4 (LEL) a spark or flame
  can cause the mixture to explode!

• UPPER explosive limit (U.E.L.)
• It is the HIGHEST percent volume/volume ratio of
  a vapour or gas in air that can explode if
  ignited.
• Mixtures above U.E. L. are to rich to burn.
• E.g.. Gasoline has an U.E. L. of 7.4. If the
  conc. of the vapours is gt7.4 there is no risk.
  However, dilution will reduce the concentration
  to the explosive range.

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Fire or Explosion Hazard contd.
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Reactivity Data(Section 10 in sample msds)
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Toxicological PropertiesFundamental laws of
toxicology (Section 11 in sample msds)

• There is NO toxicity without exposure
• It is the DOSE that makes the poison -- one
  should be able to see clear evidence of a
  dose-response relationship.
• Generally, the lower the LD50, the more potent
  the toxicant is. Consider ethanol, dioxin,
  botulinum toxin (botulism food poisoning). Their
  lethal potencies are
• botulinum toxin gtgtdioxingtethanol
• Yet ethanol is responsible for far more deaths
  in Canada than potent toxicants, because many
  people expose themselves to immoderate amounts of
  ethanol.

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Toxicological PropertiesRoutes of Entry

• Provides information about a possible risks on
  health based on current scientific knowledge.
• Inhalation - Material in form of dusts, mists,
  vapours, gases and fumes can be inhaled. Some
  materials can damage the lungs (asbestos) and
  others may pass into the blood and be distributed
  to other parts of the body (toluene)
• Ingestion - Materials that pose a hazard when
  swallowed. Some materials can damage the stomach
  (acids) others may be absorbed into the blood
  stream (alcohols).

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Toxicological Properties contd. Routes of Entry

• Absorption - indicates a possible hazard if
  absorbed into the bloodstream through intact skin
  (phenol)
• Skin contact - indicates that the material can
  corrode, sensitize, or irritate the skin but may
  not be absorbed (strong acids - H2SO4)
• Eye contact - indicates that the material may
  corrode or irritate the eye. It may also affect
  vision or cause cataracts.

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Toxicological Properties contd.

• Irritancy of Product - whether or not the
  material may cause irritation and possible damage
  to the skin or eyes.
• Sensitization of Product -information on whether
  the material can cause an allergic respiratory or
  skin reaction.

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Toxicological Properties contd.

• Effects of Acute Exposure - Information the acute
  effects of overexposure (higher than allowable
  limits) to the material. Acute effects are
  effects which may be felt within few minutes,
  hours, or days. E.g.. An exposure to high
  concentrations (above legally set TWA) of hexanes
  may lead to dizziness, incoordination and
  narcosis (drowsiness).
• Effects of Chronic Exposure - Possible health
  problems due to repeated overexposure to a
  material over a long period of time. These
  effects may be felt months or years afterwards
  E.g. Chronic exposure to n-hexane may produce
  numbness, tingling in the hands and feet and
  weakness in the arms and thighs.
• Type of chronic effects - carcinogenic,
  reproductive, mutagenic, teratogenic.

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Toxicological Properties contd.Carcinogenicity

• Substances are classified as carcinogens as per
  WHMIS only if a compound is listed in one of two
  publications.
• ACGIH TLV booklet A1 (confirmed) or A2
  (suspected) human carcinogen, or
• IARC monographs group 1 (sufficient evidence)
  or group 2 (probably carcinogenic)
• Both agency base classification on animal testing
  results and or epidemeology (study of human
  population). Risk factors are used to allow
  differences between species. E.g.. A material is
  classified as carcinogenic when the risk to
  humans is 1 to 1000 000.

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Toxicological Properties contd.

• Reproductive toxicity
• Reports material that may cause sterility or
  another adverse effect on reproduction
• E.g.Dibromochloropropane (DBCP), a pesticide, has
  been shown to decrease fertility (low sperm
  count)
• Mutagenicity
• Possible heritable changes made by a chemical to
  the DNA which make up the chromosome. These
  changes affect generic information passed to the
  offspring (offspring of both sexes can be
  affected) which may result birth defects or a the
  development of a disease such as cancer.
• E.g. Toluene-2,4-diamine has been shown to be
  mutagenic.

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Toxicological Properties contd. Teratogenicity

• This information is directed specifically toward
  women of childbearing age who are exposed to
  these kinds of material.
• A material is classified as teratogenic if it
  causes one of the following
• causes death, malformation, permanent metabolic
  or physiological dysfunction, growth retardation,
  psychological or behavioral alteration to the
  baby during pregnancy, at birth or in postnatal
  period.
• E.g. Dimethyl Mercury is a proven teratogen.

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Toxicological Properties contd. Synergistic
Products

• Synergism is the term used to describe the
  cooperative action of substances whose total
  effect is greater than the sum of their separate
  effects.
• E.g. Exposure to alcohols and chlorinated
  solvents (CH2Cl2) simultaneously will result in
  more sever nervous system effects than when one
  is exposed to each material separately
• E.g. Cancer risk for a smoker is 10x than for a
  non smoker. Cancer risk for a non smoker who
  works with asbestos is 5x than one that has no
  exposure to asbestos. Cancer risk for a smoker
  who works with asbestos is 50x (not 15x).

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Toxicological Properties contd.Exposure Limits

• Exposure limits are airborne concentrations of a
  material to which it is believed that people may
  be exposed without adverse effects.
• Exposure limits known as TLVs are published by
  the ACGIH and these limits are most likely to be
  found on MSDSs. There are 3 different type of
  TLVs.
• Time Weighted Average (TLV) concentration for
  normal 8 hr workday and a 40 hr workweek, to
  which nearly all workers may be exposed, day
  after day, without adverse effects.
• Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) - A 15 min time
  weighted average exposure which should not be
  exceeded.
• Threshold Limit Value - Ceiling (TLV-C) - The
  concentration that should not be exceeded at any
  time.

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Preventive Measures(Section 5, 6, 7, 8 in sample
msds )

• Most important MSDS section. Contains info on how
  one should be protected when
• handling, using or storing the material.
• clean up and disposable measures are given such
  that to prevent overexposure
• fire and damage to equipment

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Preventive Measures contd.

• Engineering Controls - Control measures that
  prevent the release of a material into the common
  air.
• E.g. ventilation system general and local (refers
  to fumehood), gloveboxes, etc. In chm249 most of
  the work will be done in the fumehood.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Gloves, Respirators, Eye Protection, Clothing,
  Other Equipment.

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Preventive Measures contd.

• Leak and Spill Procedures - Measures to be taken
  in case of a leak or spill involving this
  material and the methods of disposal under these
  circumstances.
• E.g. Toluene Remove all sources of ignition,
  stop leak if safe to do so, absorb with paper
  sand or sawdust --gt Where would you throw this
  waste away? Would you use such material to absorb
  nitric acid and why?
• Waste Disposal - Appropriate waste handling
  requirements. Generally not much info because
  they depend on local by laws. Need to check these
  laws!

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Preventive Measures contd.

• Handling Procedures Equipment Info on how to
  handle material and specifies if special
  equipment is needed.
• E.g. Toluene - Wear splash proof goggles or a
  face shield. Avoid all skin contact. Provide
  adequate ventilation or wear appropriate
  respiratory equipment.
• Storage requirements - Provides info for safe
  storage of the material.
• E.g. Toluene - Store in a tightly sealed
  container in a well ventilated area. Keep away
  from sources of ignition and heat. Keep away from
  oxidizing substances such as KMNO4.
• Shipping - PIN number other info required by
  TDG Reg.

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First Aid Measures(Section 4 in sample msds)

• This is the section you check in case of
  accidental overexposure to the material. E.g.
  Xylene
• Eye contact - Flush eyes with plenty of water for
  at least 20 minutes, then see a physician.
• Skin contact - Quickly remove contaminated
  clothing. Wash skin with soap and water and rinse
  with water for 20 min., then see a physician.
• Ingestion - Do not induce vomiting. Contact a
  physician immediately.
• Inhalation - Remove victim to a well ventilated
  area. If breathing has stopped, perform
  artificial respiration. Contact a physician.

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Health Safety Prep for Each Experiment

• Prepare a table of physical constants and make
  sure you do all of the calculation conversion
  mole --gt gm or ml etc.
• Obtain an MSDS or info on safety hazards health
  effects for all chemicals used. The following
  websites may be useful
• www. Chem.utoronto.ca/health/msds or go to the
  chm249 website to explore organic chem. Links.
• http//www.sigmaaldrich.com/homepage.html (click
  on login and register for free)
• www.emdchemicals.com (no registration required)

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Health Safety Prep contd.

• www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ehppsb/whmis
• www.gov.on.ca/lab/ohs/ohse
• http//www.iarc.fr/
• http/chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com
• www.cdc.gov.niosh
• www.ccohs.ca
• for others search www.google.com

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SAFETY AND LABORATORY RULES

• Work is only permitted during SCHEDULED
  LABORATORY PERIODS.
• Know the location of FIRE EXTINGUISHERS, SAFETY
  EQUIPMENT, AND THE NEAREST EXIT.
• Approved SAFETY GOGGLES, A LAB COAT, must be worn
  at all times. Use of RUBBER GLOVES is recommended
  to avoid contact of chemicals with skin.
• NO FOOD, DRINKS OR SMOKING ARE ALLOWED
• SHOES MUST BE WORN. TIE LONG HAIR BACK
• NEVER TASTE OR SMELL CHEMICALS
• DISPOSE OF CHEMICAL WASTE IN PROPER CONTAINER.
  Waste containers may not be always in the same
  fumehood.

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MOST COMMON DANGERS IN AN ORGANIC LABORATORY

• FIRE AND EXPLOSION
• CHEMICALS
• GLASSWARE

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FIRE EXPLOSIONSee Suppl. Lab Manual

• Never use an open flame! Never smoke! Read the
  msds and lab instructions to make sure that you
  are using the right heat source. Use one of
  heating mantles, hot plates (never use for
  ether), or steam bath.
• Heat flammable solvents in a flask (not beakers)
  in the fumehood!
• Evaporate organic solvents in the fumehood
• Familiarize yourself with location of fire
  equipment.

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EMERGENCY PROCEDURE IN CHEMICAL INJURY

• Go immediately to the nearest tap or shower and
  flood affected area with copious amounts of
  water.
• Speed is imperative. If you notice a fellow
  student needs assistance, help them. Once you
  have started emergency treatment call a TA. Yell
  loudly!
• REPORT ALL INJURIES TO THE PREP ROOM IMMEDIATELY!
• PRECAUTION Read Section F of Suppl. Lab Manual.

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GLASSWARE PRECUATION

• Handle glassware gently.
• Be especially careful when inserting glass tubing
  into a hole. It helps if the glass is wet
  (lubricated).
• Hold the glass with a paper towel or j -cloth and
  insert it with a gentle twisting motion with your
  driving hand close to the hole.
• REPORT ALL INJURIES TO THE PREP ROOM IMMEDIATELY!