Network Types and Terms

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Network Types and Terms

• By
• Bob Larson

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Just a Thought
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Network Types

• LAN Local Area Network
• WAN Wide Area Network
• Campus Network
• MAN Metropolitan Area Network
• WLAN Wireless LAN

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Local Area Network (LAN)

• Connects devices in a limited geographical area
• Using one or more hubs, switches or wireless
  access points
• Can be quite small few devices
• Home network
• Small Office Home Office (SOHO)
• Can be larger up to thousands of devices
• LAN Bandwidth determined by devices and
  connecting media
• Typically Ethernet 10/100/1000 Mbps ( 1000 Mb 1
  Gb)

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Wide Area Network (WAN)

• Links networks or devices over larger
  geographical area
• Across town or across the globe
• Involves a 3rd-party service provider
• Telcos, Cable Companies Satellite
• Types of service
• Part-time (on demand)
• MODEM ISDN Home and smallest business
• Full-time (always-on)
• E1/T1/T3 s, Frame Relay Business
• Cable and DSL (broadband) - Everyone
• Why do we need them
• Power of Eminent Domain
• Connects to LANs using a router

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LANs vs WANs

• LAN

• WAN

• Limited distance
• Managed by company
• Connects computers
• Bandwidth based on local technology
• Free after installation
• Typically very fast
• 10/100/1000 Mb

• Long distance
• Managed by provider
• Connects LANs
• Bandwidth limited by provider
• Its what they sell
• Higher BW Higher cost
• Typically slower than LAN
• Often 1.5 Mb or less (T1)
• 3-45 Mb possible ()

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Three LANS Connected by WANs
In each case the router is both part of the LAN
and part of the WAN
The UW or your employer
Your House
My House
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UUNETs North America Network
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Campus Network

• Multiple buildings in close proximity
• Organization owns or controls the land between
  buildings
• Administrators can connect buildings without
  using 3rd party service provider
• Network looks like a large LAN
• Buildings connected by high speed links
• Typically Ethernet (100/1000 Mbps)
• Bandwidth cost is basically capital cost of
  installing the links (like a LAN)
• Examples
• Microsoft Redmond, WA
• Cisco Systems San Jose, CA
• Any Boeing Plant Renton, Kent, Auburn, Everett
• Typical High School or College campus

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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

• Multiple buildings in close proximity
• Organization doesnt control the land between
  buildings
• Public streets maybe
• Administrators must use 3rd party service
  provider to connect buildings
• Looks more like LANs connected by WANs
• Because of single provider, may be able to
  negotiate lower rates for higher bandwidth
• Bandwidth cost is monthly expense like WAN
• Examples
• Boeing Puget Sound Facilities (10 campuses)
• Typical School District with multiple campuses

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WiFi Extending the LAN

• Provides user mobility
• Can be cheaper both short and long term
• Provides access where copper wont work

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WiFi Linking Sites Together

• May replace high cost WAN links
• Requires unobstructed line-of-site

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Topologies
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Network Topology
Full and partial mesh are most common in Man,
Campus and WAN implementations. Where high
redundancy required.
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Cellular Wireless / Topology
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Common First Network

• Home network to share a printer
• SOHO or ROBO to share printer and/or files
• Easy to purchase and setup
• Often sold as kits at any computer store
• Hub/Switch could be replaced with wireless Access
  Point (AP)

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Adding Internet Access

• Home network or small network can share Internet
  connection
• DSL/Cable router with built-in hub/switch maybe
  WiFi
• If there are two different nets inside/outside it
  is a router and probably performing NAT and DHCP

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Business Networks
Single-Site Business
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What does a network look like?
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Global Networks
WAN Connections
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Fin

• Technology is dominated by two types of people
  those who understand what they do not manage, and
  those who manage what they do not understand.
• Source Unknown