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Climate, Development, Energy, and Finance

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Alternative Approaches. The Climate Community: Aim for a comprehensive solution ... Alternative instruments: CDM (scale, structure), Carbon Tax, Clean energy financing ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Climate, Development, Energy, and Finance


1
Climate, Development, Energy, and Finance
  • Tariq Banuri
  • Stockholm Environment Institute

2
Alternative Approaches
  • The Climate Community Aim for a comprehensive
    solution
  • Start with emission goals and work backwards
  • Development Protect development momentum
  • Start with development goals, and identify
    options, both domestic and international
  • Finance Start with available financing
  • Alternative instruments CDM (scale, structure),
    Carbon Tax, Clean energy financing
  • Start with available financing and work forwards
  • Is there a fourth possibility?

3
The Climate Community
4
Emission Trajectories for 450 ppm
80 global reductions by 2050
Whats left for the South?
90 by 2050 in the North
What kind of climate regime can make this
possible?
5
An Alternative Conception
6
Implications
  • Targets are essential for both North and South
  • Economic instruments will work only if targets
    are realistic
  • Conceptions are often development-blind and
    financing-blind

7
The Development Community
8
Source UN/DESA, WESS 2006
9
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10
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11
Emissions and Income
Source World Bank (1998) Marland, et al. (1998).
12
The Five Development Crises
  • Traditional development and MDGs
  • Solution conventional financial flows
  • The impact of climate change
  • Solution Financial and support for adaptation
  • Impact of OECD climate policies (e.g., carbon
    tax)
  • Solution Policy coherence in North
  • Impact of own climate policies (especially
    energy)
  • Solution New and additional resources for
    mitigation and adaptation
  • The growth conundrum Has the age of growth come
    to an end?

13
Energy is a Basic Human Need
  • Main difference between rich and poor countries
  • Strongly correlated with HD indicators
  • Developing countries must expand electricity and
    transport infrastructure three to four times just
    to reach basic needs goals
  • Expansion is constrained not by demand
    (efficiency, population) but by supply
    (investment capacity).
  • Over 75 emissions from the energy sector
  • Projected developing country energy growth (3 to
    5) means more emissions despite rising energy
    efficiency.

14
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15
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16
Developing Country Energy Deficit
Energy Consumption per capita
Developing Countries
17
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18
The Development Finance Community
19
Policy Instruments
  • The Carbon Market and CDM
  • However, there are implicit assumptions pilot
    scale will give rise to cost reduction and
    voluntary action
  • Can it respond to conceptions of climate and
    development communities, e.g., through larger
    commitments by Annex I?
  • Carbon Tax
  • However, impact through energy prices on
    developing countries
  • Dual pricing and institutions

20
Scenarios Path Dependency of Crises
  • The post-Manhattan Dedicated and timely global
    public investment in mitigation as well as
    building capacity for adaptation. Worst outcomes
    are avoided. By the time the issue begins to
    bite, costs come down for both north and south.
    Financing remains an issue, but not the dominant
    one
  • The post-Titanic Mitigation delayed, impacts
    begin to emerge. Major climate impacts on North
    lead to anxiety, and public pressure for action
    on climate. High support for mitigation, but this
    leads to slowdown of OECD growth rate, and
    weakening of public support for adaptation
    funding or development aid
  • The post-Tsunami North is relatively unaffected.
    Climate impacts in South lead to strong
    charitable contributions for rehabilitation and
    compensation.

21
An Integrated Perspective
22
The Case for CDGs
  • From action to finance, and action to policy
  • Build a global consensus on goals
  • Integrate climate and development
  • Enhance coordination between different actors
  • Enable more effective monitoring the relation
    between challenge and response
  • Give clear signals to private sector

23
UNs Role in MDGs
  • Convening power to build consensus on the goals,
    i.e., Millennium Declaration.
  • Translate the visionary agenda into practical
    goals and indicators of progress
  • Mobilize expertise to design an action program to
    achieve the goals
  • Continue to monitor goals

24
Illustrative CDGs
  • Ensure equitable access to Modern Energy Services
    while reducing greenhouse gas emissions
  • Shift to sustainable, efficient, and equitably
    distributed Transport services
  • Ensure Food security through sustainable land use
    management, and sustainable water use
  • Ensure adequate and well targeted financing
  • Support technology development and cooperation
  • Ensure sustained improvements in human health
  • Enable critical ecosystems to adapt naturally
  • Ensure effective disaster management

25
CDG1 Energy
  • Coverage Universal coverage by 2030, or
    convergence in per capita availability between
    North and South
  • Access and equity stable pricing fixed in
    relation to per capita income
  • Portfolio Fix share of renewables
  • Efficiency National targets

26
CDG4 Finance
  • Win-win options Reserved for domestic financing
  • International targets based on income, capacity,
    and responsibility
  • Separate targets on conventional ODA (plus MDGs),
    mitigation, and adaptation
  • Planning and Policy Making Support for plan
    development
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