Wireless Grids: Distributed Resource Sharing by Mobile, Nomadic, and Fixed Devices'

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Wireless Grids Distributed Resource Sharing by
Mobile, Nomadic, and Fixed Devices.

• Presenter Raffi P. Tikidjian
• Date Tuesday, September 12, 2006

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Presentation Outline

• Summary of the paper
• Wireless Grids
• Wireless Grids in Context
• Wireless Grids Infrastructure
• Strengths of the approach
• Weaknesses of the approach
• Relevance to embedded software
• Example mobile application - DARC

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Wireless Grids

• Grid Computing
• Enables devices connected to the internet and the
  wired computational grid to dynamically share
  network-connected resources.
• Wireless Grid Computing
• Extends grid sharing potential to mobile,
  nomadic, or fixed-location devices connected via
  ad-hoc wireless networks.
• In a dynamic wireless grid, users and devices may
  come and go (i.e. changing network landscapes)

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Wireless Grids Cont.
Dynamic Wireless Grid Unknown mobile users and
devices performing ad hoc resource sharing and
service creation
Fixed Wireless Grid Known identifies managed by
stable institutional structure
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Wireless Grids Cont.

• Classifying wireless grid applications
• Class 1 Applications aggregating information
  from the range of input/output interfaces found
  in nomadic devices
• Class 2 Applications leveraging the locations
  and contexts in which the devices exist
• Class 3 Applications leveraging the mesh network
  capabilities of groups of nomadic devices

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Wireless Grids in Context

• Wireless grids emerged from three related
  computing paradigms
• Grid computing
• Wired grids are in high-trust and relatively
  static environments
• Flexible, secure, and coordinated resource
  sharing among dynamic collections of individuals,
  institutions, and resources
• P2P computing
• Arrange coordinated sharing among heterogeneous
  devices, across unreliable network connections,
  with little or no prearrangement and warning of
  site failure
• i.e. Napster, Gnutella, and Kazaa
• Web services
• Facilitation of remote access to resources
• i.e. SOAP, lightweight XML message-passing, WSDL

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Wireless Grids Infrastructure

• Infrastructure requires middleware to connect the
  Web services and, Grid and Distributed computing
  components.
• Five abstract capabilities for ad hoc resource
  sharing
• Resource Description
• Resource Discovery
• Coordination Systems
• Trust Establishment
• Clearing Mechanisms

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Wireless Grids Infrastructure Cont.

• Resource Description
• Basic requirement for resource sharing
• Example
• P2P music-sharing networks use
• Filename
• ID3 metadata tags (artist, album, song title,
  data rate, etc.)
• Standards
• IETFs ZeroConf
• Microsofts Universal Plug and Play
• Grid Resource Description Language (GRDL)
• Web-services Description Language (WSDL)
• Bandwidth descriptions from various QoS standards
  include resource-description protocols

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Wireless Grids Infrastructure Cont.

• Resource Discovery
• Uses resource description vocabularies to allow
  devices to
• Publish their resources
• Formulate their needs
• Example
• UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and
  Integration)
• Allows devices to register their available
  services (via WSDL)
• Allows discovery of services by making a database
  of services available.

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Wireless Grids Infrastructure Cont.

• Coordination Systems
• Allows one device to utilize another devices
  resources
• Permits the pooling and scheduling of resources
• Example
• Sharing disk space
• NFS, Samba, or WebDav
• Sharing processor cycles
• Distrubted.net client

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Wireless Grids Infrastructure Cont.

• Trust Establishment
• Each resource-sharing transaction requires trust.
• Requires the ability to assure the partners of at
  least a persistent anonymous identity.
• Resistance to man-in-the-middle attacks.
• Example
• Institutionalized identity system
• Internet Draft of Purpose-Built Keys

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Wireless Grids Infrastructure Cont.

• Clearing Mechanisms
• Establishes the conditions under which a partner
  device or group of devices will extend access to
  the requesting device or group.
• Clearing is used in its economic sense,
  referring to the action required to clear or
  settle a market transaction.
• Common clearing protocols
• X.509, Kerberos
• More complex clearing mechanisms in P2P
• BitTorrent reserves superior service with nodes
  that also provide for upload
• Quid-pro-quo exchange require sharing of
  downloaded files to access network

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Presentation Outline

• Summary of the paper
• Wireless Grids
• Wireless Grids in Context
• Wireless Grids Infrastructure
• Strengths of the approach
• Weaknesses of the approach
• Relevance to embedded software
• Example mobile application - DARC

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Strengths of the approach

• Wireless grids present three novel elements
• New resources
• New places of use
• New institutional ownership and control patterns

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Strengths of the approach - cont

• Typical Resources
• Processor Power
• Disk Space
• Applications
• New Resources
• Cameras
• Microphones
• GPS receivers
• Accelerometers
• Additional network interfaces
• Cell
• Radio
• Wi-Fi
• Bluetooth

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Strengths of the approach - cont

• People increasingly take wireless devices with
  them to new places
• Metcalfes law, grid-based resources become more
  valuable as the number of devices and users
  increases
• Mobile phones developing into super-sensor
• Smart Sensors
• Temperature
• Health
• Pollution levels

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Strengths of the approach - cont
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Presentation Outline

• Summary of the paper
• Wireless Grids
• Wireless Grids in Context
• Wireless Grids Infrastructure
• Strengths of the approach
• Weaknesses of the approach
• Relevance to embedded software
• Example mobile application - DARC

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Weaknesses of the approach

• Constantly changing landscape of information
  resources.
• Users and devices come and go in dynamic wireless
  grids
• Poses many challenges to the wireless grid
  infrastructure
• Physical-layer technologies and policy
• Campaign to replace the current FCC licensing
  model with rules-based public access to the
  airwaves
• Requirements for network infrastructure
• Power efficiency and coverage in wireless
  networks
• Wireless devices are by their mobile nature,
  often battery-powered power consumption is
  therefore a crucial issue
• Enabling middleware
• Trust establishment device verification
• Complex clearing mechanisms bartering available
  resources

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Presentation Outline

• Summary of the paper
• Wireless Grids
• Wireless Grids in Context
• Wireless Grids Infrastructure
• Strengths of the approach
• Weaknesses of the approach
• Relevance to embedded software
• Example mobile application - DARC

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Relevance to embedded software

• DARC (Distributed Ad Hoc Resource Coordination)
• Distributed audio-recording prototype
• Allows devices with no prior knowledge of each
  other to collectively record and mix an audio
  signal
• Examples concert, speech, lecture, emergency
  event

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Relevance to embedded software Cont.
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Additional Demo

• Microsoft Live Labs
• Photosynth
• http//labs.live.com/photosynth/

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Article Reference

• L. McKnight, J. Howison, and S. Bradner. Wireless
  Grids Distributed Resource Sharing by Mobile,
  Nomadic, and Fixed Devices. IEEE Internet
  Computing, pp. 24-31, July/August 2004.

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Questions?