HIV / AIDS IN KENYA

1
HIV / AIDS IN KENYA

• IMPACT OF THE EPIDEMIC
• DR. MOHAMED S. ABDULLAH
• CHAIRMAN
• NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL COUNCIL

2
Children (lt15 years) estimated to be living with
HIV/AIDS as of end 2000
Eastern Europe Central Asia 15 000
Western Europe 4 100
North America 11 000
East Asia Pacific 7 200
North Africa Middle East 16 000
South South-East Asia 210 000
Caribbean 11 000
Sub-Saharan Africa 1.5 million
Latin America 30 000
Australia New Zealand lt 200
Total 2.0 million
3
Estimated adult and child deaths from HIV/AIDS
during 2000
Eastern Europe Central Asia 14 000
Western Europe 7 000
North America 20 000
East Asia Pacific 25 000
North Africa Middle East 24 000
South South-East Asia 470 000
Caribbean 32 000
Sub-Saharan Africa 3.0 million
Latin America 50 000
Australia New Zealand lt 500
Total 3.6 million
4
Adults and children estimated to be living with
HIV/AIDS as of end 2000
Eastern Europe Central Asia 700 000
Western Europe 540 000
North America 920 000
East Asia Pacific 640 000
North Africa Middle East 400 000
South South-East Asia 5.8 million
Caribbean 390 000
Sub-Saharan Africa 28.3 million
Latin America 1.4 million
Australia New Zealand 15 000
Total 40.1 million
5
Estimated deaths in children (lt15 years) from
HIV/AIDS during 2000
Eastern Europe Central Asia lt 500
Western Europe lt 100
North America lt 100
East Asia Pacific 1 000
North Africa Middle East 7 100
South South-East Asia 40 000
Caribbean 3 100
Sub-Saharan Africa 500 000
Latin America 3 000
Australia New Zealand lt 100
Total 600 000
6
Estimated number of adults and childrennewly
infected with HIV during 2000
Eastern Europe Central Asia 250 000
Western Europe 30 000
North America 45 000
East Asia Pacific 130 000
North Africa Middle East 80 000
South South-East Asia 780 000
Caribbean 60 000
Sub-Saharan Africa 4.2 million
Latin America 150 000
Australia New Zealand 500
Total 6.0 million
7
Estimated number of children (lt15 years) newly
infected with HIV during 2000
Eastern Europe Central Asia 600
Western Europe lt 500
North America lt 500
East Asia Pacific 2 600
North Africa Middle East 11 000
South South-East Asia 65 000
Caribbean 4 200
Sub-Saharan Africa 620 000
Latin America 7 300
Australia New Zealand lt 100
Total 800 000
8
Cumulative number of children estimated to have
been orphaned by AIDS at age 14 or youngerat
the end of 1999
Eastern Europe Central Asia 500
Western Europe 9 000
North America 70 000
East Asia Pacific 5 600
North Africa Middle East 15 000
South South-East Asia 850 000
Caribbean 85 000
Sub-Saharan Africa 13.1 million
Latin America 110 000
Australia New Zealand lt 500
Total 15.2 million
HIV-negative children who have lost their
mother or both parents to AIDS before the age of
15 years
9
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

• Demographic Impact
• Highest sero-prevalence in women is between
  25-29 years
• Highest sero-prevalence in men is between
  30-39 years
• Women five times more infected than men (15-19
  years age group)
• More than one million orphans generated by
  epidemic
• More than 2.2 million Kenyans infected at present

10
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

• Demographic Impact
• Life expectancy 52 years from 64 years
• Infant mortality rate 74 from 53
• Child mortality rate 113 from 92
• Maternal mortality 650 from 240

11
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

• Impact in Education
• Skilled and experienced teachers are dying
• Significant others are alive but incapacitated
• Newly trained teachers are reduced by illness
  and death.
• Production has either stagnated or even reduced
• Teaching, research production, national develop
  planning affected
• Leadership in implementation of strategies
  affected

12
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

• Impact in Education
• Large numbers of children are kept out of school
  because
•         they are needed to help at home,
•         they have to care for sick family
  members
•         they have to work to increase the family
  income.
•         families cannot afford school fees

13
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

• Impact on Children
•       Increased proportion of vulnerable children
  
•       Increased incidence of child labour.
•       House holds are headed by children
•       No support from the state or family around
  them.
•       Rising rates of child sexual abuse

14
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

• Impact in Agriculture
• Agriculture is the primary economic sector of
  Kenya
• Engages about 74 of the labour force
• Accounts for 24.5 per cent of gross domestic
  product.
• Main production of food either for themselves or
  for the country
• A threat to the countrys food security
• Fertile lands of families remain idle shortage of
  agricultural labour
• Loss of skills and experience in large small
  scale farming

15
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

• Impact in Health
• Increases number of people seeking health
  services
• it increases demand on health care providers
• Increases demand on health facilities
• increases need for human resource production
• it increases the overall cost of health care in
  the country.

16
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

• The Dilema
• treating AIDS versus preventing HIV infection
• treating AIDS versus treating other illnesses
• spending on health versus spending on other
  demanding public services
• skilled health personnel have died, Replacing
  them Vs Other cadre
• Many are rendered incapable of further service,
  but need the income
• direct cost of treating a new AIDS patient at
  Kshs.45,680,
• indirect costs amount to Kshs 638,560
• access to and quality of health care have worsened

17
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

• Industrial Sector
• Industrial Sector accounts for 13.3 of GDP
• Frequency of absenteeism increased
• Expenditures on illness and death have increased
• 52 per cent of total costs are HIV/AIDS-related
  costs.

18
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

• Industrial Sector
• loss of skilled manpower,
• demand for manufactured products has reduced
• industrial sector economically vulnerable.
• per capita expenditure on health is 9 per year.
• Cost per employee is 30 per year.
• informal sector 47.4 of the GDP also affected

19
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

• Social Impact
• survivors are dependants left without economic
  support
• epidemic has overwhelmed traditional systems of
  adoption
• OVC without a steady resource base.
• early teens heading households,
• Children Women are on the streets
• increased crime rates
• Increased psychologic and spiritual needs.
• traumatic effects of bereavement

20
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

• Presidents Statement
• AIDS is not just a serious threat to our social
  and economic development, it is a real threat to
  our very existence AIDS has reduced many
  families to the status of beggars no family in
  Kenya remains untouched by the suffering and
  death caused by AIDS the real solution of the
  spread of AIDS lies with each and everyone of us

21
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

• Government Accelerated Intervention
• - Declaration of AIDS as a national disaster
• - Formation of the National AIDS Control Council
• - Formulation of the National Strategic Plan
• - Formation of a comprehensive Institutional
  Framework
• - Formulation of Legal Framework and Policy
  Guidelines
• - Allocation of Dedicated Resources for HIV/AIDS
• - Enhancement of Political Commitment

22
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

• Priority Interventions
• Advocacy for Prevention
• Treatment, Continuum of Care and Support
• Mitigation of Socio-Economic Impacts
• Monitoring, Evaluation and Research
• Effective Management and Coordination of the
  National Response