Metabolism of the whole organism

1
Metabolism of the whole organism

• Metabolic profiles of organs
• Metabolic conditions
• Blood glucose levels 90 mg/dL
• Fuel reserves
• glucose
• triacylglycerols
• proteins

2
Metabolic homeostasis
3
Metabolic profiles
4
Brain

• Nervous system maintain membrane potentials
• uses glucose (120g/day)
• 60 of all glucose
• blood levels of 84.7 1mM in brain
• starvation use ketone bodies
• Heart uses fatty acids or ketone bodies

5
Muscle

• contraction
• store glycogen
• resting use fatty acid oxidation
• active use glucose
• starvation muscle broken down to alanine for
  gluconeogenesis

6
Adipose Tissue

• uses fatty acids for energy
• exports fatty acids
• glycerol exported out to the liver

7
Liver Kidney

• Liver provides fuel to other organs
• gluconeogenesis, maintain blood glucose
• store glycogen
• export ketone bodies
• uses keto acids for fuel
• Kidney needs energy for active transport
• uses FA, KB, glucose, amino acids,
• gluneogenic tissue

8
Metabolic conditions

• Controlled by hormones
• insulin
• glucagon
• epinephrine
• Normal regulation of blood glucose

Insulin secretion
9
Hormonal control
10
Hormones
11
Exercise

• fuels during different levels of exercise
• ATP production

12
Starvation/Fasting

• Fuel mobilization
• after 3 day changes
• long term shifts
• hormonal changes

13
Starvation profiles
14
Fuel Modifications
15
Liver modifications
16
Diabetes

• types of diabetes
• changes in fuels
• problems

17
Insulin deficiency