Unit 16: Teaching Theory and Instructional Techniques

1
Unit 16 Teaching Theory and Instructional
Techniques

• Learning and Teaching
• Water Class Management
• Lesson Planning

2
Student PerformanceBy the end of the lesson you
will be able to

• Explain the learning and teaching process.
• Explain testing, evaluation, and achievement.
• List and define the Laws of Learning.
• Describe the factors that enhance learning.
• Describe methods for effective oral
  communications.
• Describe training aids and tell how they can
  enhance communication.
• Explain how to teach swimming and diving in
  confined and open water.
• Prepare lesson plans for classroom, confined, and
  open water.

3
Learning and Teaching

• Learning
• A measurable change in an individuals behavior
  or attitude.
• A change in behavior based on experience.
• Blooms taxonomy
• Identifies three overlapping domains important in
  the learning process
• Knowledge
• Attitude
• Skills

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Blooms taxonomy
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Blooms taxonomy
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Blooms taxonomy
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Learning and Teaching (continued)

• Teaching
• Purposeful activities that aid an individuals
  learning.
• Testing and evaluation
• Foster effective learning and achievement.
• Class focus
• The student is the most important person in any
  class.

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Learning and Teaching (continued)

• The laws of learning
• Readiness students will learn best when
  physically and mentally ready.
• Intensity increased sensory input increases
  learning.
• Primacy first learned is best remembered.
• Exercise skills are only truly learned through
  participation and practice.
• Effect Students learn best when they perceive
  the material as real and useful.
• Recency that which is most recently learned is
  more easily recalled.

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Learning and Teaching (continued)

• Factors that enhance learning
• Oral communication
• Preparing to communicate
• Getting started
• Using the tools of the trade
• voice, eyes, hands and body

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Learning and Teaching (continued)

• Training aids
• Reinforce a point
• Increase the intensity of the experience
• Use it and then put it away

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Learning and Teaching (continued)

• Empathy
• Goals and motivation
• Reinforcement
• Pacing

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Learning and Teaching (continued)

• Continuity
• Relaxation and performance
• Physical awareness and sensitivity
• Physical surroundings
• Anxiety and fear

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Water Class Management

• Surface teaching
• Safety and communication
• Class positioning is important to the learning
  process
• Line-up
• Semicircular
• Instructor centered

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Water Class Management (continued)

• Evaluating and teaching swimming skills
• Crawl stroke
• Breaststroke
• Elementary backstroke
• Sidestroke

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Crawl Stroke
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Breaststroke
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Elementary Backstroke
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Sidestroke
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Water Class Management (continued)

• Underwater teaching
• Positioning is important for safety and control
• Follow me
• Call down
• Class first, instructor following
• Instructor first, watching class
• Instructor and buddy pairs in turn

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Water Class Management (continued)

• Progression
• Exercises
• Skill demonstration
• Using demonstrations well
• I hear, I forget I see, I remember I do, I
  understand.

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Water Class Management (continued)

• Demonstration quality skills
• Camaraderie and competition
• Imaging and self-concept
• Intrapersonal communication

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Lesson planning Failing to plan is planning to
fail.

• Benefits of Lesson Planning
• Modern Lesson Planning
• The acronym TOM I PASTA

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Lesson planning (continued)

• Lesson planning from scratch
• Establishing objectives
• If youre not sure where youre going, youre
  liable to end up someplace else.
• Components of a learning objective
• Performance
• Conditions
• Standard

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Lesson planning (continued)

• Classroom
• Preliminary steps of lesson preparation
• Subordinate steps
• prepare the introduction
• prepare the summary
• prepare the lesson evaluation
• prepare the lesson plan
• TOM I. PASTA mnemonic
• rehearse the lesson
• prepare the teaching notes

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Lesson planning (continued)

• Confined water
• Briefing (introductions, session overview,
  facility orientationhazards and restrictions,
  safety equipment, communications, etc. Detailed
  briefing outlines are included in NAUI instructor
  guides.)
• Skill review exercises
• New skills
• Activities
• Debriefing

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Lesson planning (continued)

• Steps of confined water lesson preparation
• Identify the skill and any sub-components.
• Determine objectives (performance, condition,
  standard).
• Select the teaching method.
• Determine the time frame for the lesson.
• Determine the skill progression and the exercises
  needed to reach the objectives.
• Determine training aids and assistants needed.
• Prepare an introduction and summary, if
  appropriate.
• Prepare the training aids.
• Rehearse the skills to be demonstrated.
• Prepare teaching notes/slates.

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Lesson planning (continued)

• Open water training
• Briefing (introductions, session overview,
  facility orientationhazards and restrictions,
  safety equipment, communications, etc.)
• Skill review exercises
• Skill performance
• Skill evaluations
• Application of skills
• Debriefing

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Lesson planning (continued)

• Steps of open water session preparation
• Identify the dive location and an alternate
  check weather and environment, print maps and
  directions.
• Verify information for briefing hazards,
  communications, and emergency procedures.
• Prepare schedule of activities.
• Determine staffing and equipment needs.
• Prepare briefing notes.
• Inventory and check equipment personal, backup,
  and emergency.
• Prepare emergency action plan.
• Prepare debriefing notes.

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End of Unit 16 Teaching Theory and Instructional
Techniques

• Learning And Teaching
• Water Class Management
• Lesson Planning

30
Student PerformanceBy the end of the lesson you
will be able to

• Explain testing, evaluation, and achievement.
• List and define the Laws of Learning.
• Describe the factors that enhance learning.
• Demonstrate effective oral communications.
• Describe training aids and tell how they can
  enhance communication.
• Explain the learning and teaching process.
• Teach swimming and diving in confined and open
  water.
• Lesson plan for classroom, confined, and open
  water.

31
Student PerformanceBy the end of the lesson you
will be able to

• Explain the learning and teaching process.
• Explain testing, evaluation, and achievement.
• List and define the Laws of Learning.
• Describe the factors that enhance learning.
• Describe methods for effective oral
  communications.
• Describe training aids and tell how they can
  enhance communication.
• Explain how to teach swimming and diving in
  confined and open water.
• Prepare lesson plans for classroom, confined, and
  open water.