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Childhood Overweight in Sacramento County, 2001

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Title: Childhood Overweight in Sacramento County, 2001


1
Childhood Overweight in Sacramento County, 2001
Cassius Lockett, Ph.D., MS Epidemiology Program
Manager Epidemiology Services Department of
Health and Human Services Sacramento County
2
Overview
  • Public Health Importance
  • Defining BMI
  • Results
  • Summarize

3
Public Health Importance
  • Adult Obesity and Overweight among children is
    the largest health problem in the U.S.
  • gt70 of overweight adolescents are expected to
    remain overweight into adulthood (Guo et al. Am J
    Clin Nutr 199459810-819)
  • Prevalence U.S. adults, adolescents and children
    In 2002
  • 55.9 of adults were overweight (BMI gt25 and
    lt29.9)
  • 30.5 of adults were obese (BMI gt 30)
  • 16.1 of adolescents aged 12-19 were overweight
  • 15.8 of children aged 6-11 years were overweight
  • 15.3 of children aged 2-5 years were overweight
    (year 2000)
  • (NHANES III, Centers for Disease Control and
    Prevention)

Source CDC/NCHS NHANES III (2002)
4
Public Health Importance
  • Trends in U.S. adults, adolescents and children
    increasing
  • From 1988-1994 to 1999-2000
  • Children aged 2-5 years-increased from 7.2 to
    10.4
  • 44.4 increase
  • Children aged 6-11 years-increased from 11.3 to
    15.3
  • 35.4 increase
  • Children aged 12-19 years-increased from 10.5 to
    15.5
  • 47.6 increase

Source CDC/NCHS NHANES III (1988-94, 1999-2000)
5
Defining BMI
  • Body Mass Index (BMI) is the recommended
    weight-for-height assessment method for all
    children gt2 years old and adults
  • BMI weight (kg) / height2 (m2)
  • Age and gender-specific cut-off values must be
    used for individuals lt 18 years of age

6
Defining Overweight
  • At-risk for overweight
  • BMI gt 85th but lt 95th percentile for age and
    gender
  • Overweight
  • BMI gt 95th percentile for age and gender

7
California Health Interview Survey (CHIS)
  • 2001 population based survey for CA civilian,
    non-institutionalized pop
  • Largest health survey in California
  • Provides pop-based estimates for CA Counties
  • Major content includes
  • Health related behaviors, health status and
    conditions, health insurance coverage and access
    to health care services

8
RESULTS
9
Prevalence of Overweight Children by Age Group,
Sacramento County, 2001
Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
10
Prevalence of Overweight Children by Age and Sex,
Sacramento County, 2001
Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
11
Physical Activity
12
Prevalence of Overweight Adolescents by Activity
during the past 7 days, Sacramento County, 2001
  • Moderate-at least 30 minutes of walking, slow
    skating, or household chores
  • Vigorous-at least 20 minutes of basketball,
    soccer, running, fast dancing or aerobics
  • Strengthen or muscle toning-(push-ups, sit ups or
    weight lifting

Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
13
Television Viewing and Video Game Hours
14
Prevalence of Overweight Adolescents by
Television Viewing and Video Game Playing M-F,
Sacramento County, 2001
Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
15
Prevalence of Overweight by At Least 2 Hours of
Computer Use, M-F and Sat-Sun, Sacramento County,
2001
Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
16
Self Reported Food and Beverage Intake
17
Prevalence of Food and Beverage Consumption,
Sacramento County, 2001
Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
18
Prevalence of Soda Consumption among Overweight
Children by Age Group, Sacramento, County 2001
Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
19
Prevalence of Food and Beverage Consumption by
Age Group, Sacramento County, 2001
Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
20
Prevalence of Overweight Adolescents by Soda
Consumption, Sacramento County, 2001
Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
21
Type of Insurance Poverty Level
22
Prevalence of Overweight Adolescents by Type of
Insurance, Sacramento County, 2001
Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
23
Prevalence of Overweight among Children by
Federal Poverty Level, Sacramento County, 2001
Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
24
Prevalence of Adolescent Overweight by Federal
Poverty Level, Sacramento County, 2001
Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
25
Multivariate analysis, particularly Logistic
Regression
  • Why? Allows the estimation of risk or odds of
    overweight, while controlling for confounders
    such as age, sex, soda consumption, etc
    SIMULTANEOUSLY

26
Multiple Logistic Regression of Overweight Among
All Children aged 2-17 years, Sacramento County,
2001
Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
27
Multiple Logistic Regression for Overweight.
Children aged 2-11 years, Sacramento County, 2001
Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
28
Multiple Logistic Regression of Overweight Among
Adolescents aged 12-17 years, Sacramento County,
2001
Source 2001 Sacramento County, CHIS, Adolescent
Public Use Files
29
Limitations
  • Subject to at least 5 limitations
  • First, CHIS excludes individuals without
    telephones, therefore may have underestimated
    percent overweight
  • Second, data is self reported thus validity of
    data is unknown
  • Third, small sample sizethus some comparable
    estimates may be unreliable (e.g. percentage of
    overweight Latino males not accurate)
  • Fourth-excludes individuals with cell phones
    exclusively (younger, etc)
  • Fifth-the response rate is low (less than 40)

30
Summary
  • Overall, 24.4 of Children were Overweight
  • Of those the highest prevalence occurred among
    children aged 6-11 (32.3) followed by children
    aged 0-5 (22.3) and adolescents (17.8)
  • Girls aged 6-11 had higher prevalence of
    overweight compared to boys (37.3 Vs 28.4)

31
Summary
  • Overall all children were more likely to be
    overweight if they were at lt100 of the FPL, had
    Medi-Cal insurance, and consumed at least one
    soda
  • Children aged 2-11 years were more likely to be
    overweight compared to their at risk counterparts
    if they had Medi-Cal insurance and consumed at
    least 1 soda

32
Summary
  • Adolescents were more likely to be overweight
    compared to their at risk counterparts if were at
    lt 100 of the FPL, viewed 2 or more hours of
    television or video games M-F, consumed at least
    one soda and used a computer at least 2 hours
    daily M-F.
  • Milk intake, muscle strengthening, fruit intake,
    vegetable intake and moderate physical activity
    (at least 30 minutes daily) were associated with
    children being less likely to be overweight

33
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