Digital Television

1
Digital Television Home Theater

• Audio for Video
• Basic Acoustics
• How Why We Hear
• Movie Home Theater Sound-System Configurations,
  Including Surround Sound
• Digital Audio Formats the Good, the Bad, and the
  Sublime.

2
Sound Basics What Is Sound?

• Sound Traveling Waves Of Air Pressure
• Air Pressure Wave Localized, Temporary,
  Sequential Increase Decrease in Air Pressure
  Around Normal (15 lbs./sq. inch)
• Each Wave Must Have Both A Positive (pressure
  increase) And Negative (pressure decrease) Part
• Overall Air Pressure Cannot Change
• Think Of Air Molecules Temporarily Bunching Up In
  Some Places and Spreading Out In Others. The
  Bunching Up Spreads Like Falling Dominos

3
From William Vennard Singing The Mechanism The
Technique
4
Sound Basics Frequency

• A Sequential Increase Decrease In Pressure Is
  Called A Cycle.
• Think of It As A Single Wavelet.
• A Cycle Takes A Finite Time To Complete
• Pressure Variation Goes 0 0 - 0, or 0 - 0 0
• Sustained Sounds With Repetitive Identical Cycles
  Have An Associated Fundamental Frequency, F
• F The Number Of Cycles Occurring Within A
  Second Of Time
• Expressed in Hz. Cycles/Second

5
Sound Basics Auditory Perception

• When Sustained Sounds With Repetitive Air
  Pressure Waves Are Perceived By The Ear, They
  Give The Sensations Of Pitch Loudness
• More Cycles In A Given Span Of Time Higher
  Pitched Sound
• The Greater The Increase Decrease In Air
  Pressure Variation Within Each Cycle The Louder
  The Sound

6
Sound Basics Hearing Range

• Pitch Is Perceived Logarithmically In Octaves
• One Octave Increase Doubling The Frequency
• Human Hearing Covers 10 Octaves, From 20
  Cycles/Second to 20,000 Cycles/Second
• Everyday Sounds Are Usually 40 Cycles/Second to
  12,000 Cycles/Second
• The Critical Band For Speech Recognition is 500
  Cycles/Second to 2,000 Cycles/Second

7
Sound Basics Wavelength

• Air Pressure Waves Travel 1,130 ft./sec.
• A Cycle Of Air Pressure Variation That Takes A
  Finite Time To Complete Therefore Spreads Out
  Across a Finite Distance Its Wavelength
• Sustained Sound With Repetitive Identical Cycles
  Having Fundamental Frequency F, Have Wavelength L
  Derived By
• L Ft./Cycle 1.13 Ft./Millisecond / F
  Cycles/Second
• Note That The Higher The Frequency ( Pitch), The
  shorter The Wavelength

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9
Resonation Perception

• Several Air Pressure Waves Simultaneously
  Traveling Through The Same Space Will Add
  Together Linearly.
• So Will Traveling Air Pressure Waves When Trapped
  Between Two Physical Parallel Boundaries.
• At Each Boundary Some Sound Passes Through But
  Most Bounces In The Reverse Direction
• The Waves Will Continue To Bounce Back And Forth
  Between Boundaries Until All The Sound Has Leaked
  Out.
• Sustained Sounds Will Continually Feed New Air
  Pressure Waves To Bounce And Add Together Between
  The Boundaries

10
Sound(Air Pressure)- Waves Trapped Between
Parallel Walls Of A Resonator
Sound Leakage
11
Resonation Perception

• For Most Frequencies, Multiple Bouncing Pressure
  Waves Will
• Momentarily Reinforce Each Other Some Places
• Momentarily Oppose Each Other At Other Places
• But With No Consistent Pattern.

12
Resonation Perception

• However, At A Few Frequencies Bouncing Pressure
  Waves Will Constantly Reinforce Each Other And
  Always At The Same Places
• These Places Of Constantly Reinforcing Pressure
  Waves Are Called Standing Waves.
• As Standing Waves Build In Intensity With
  Sustained Sound, More Sound Leaks Through The
  Boundaries To The Outside Until Equilibrium Is
  Reached.

13
1
2
Long-Term Average
3
Standing Waves
14
Resonation Perception

• Which Frequencies Will Produce Standing Waves?
• Only Those For Which The Distance Between
  Boundaries Is An Integer Multiple Of The
  Frequencys Wavelength
• I. E. When 1, 2, 3, 4, ... Wavelengths Will
  Perfectly Fit Between The Boundaries With No
  Pieces Left Over.

15
Resonation Perception

• Parallel Physical Boundaries Therefore Act As A
  Resonator Filter. Put Sustained Broadband
  Noise In (Which Contains Many Frequencies)
• Most Frequencies Will Be Attenuated.
• A Few Will Be Strengthened and Projected.
• The Frequencies That Are Strongly Resonated
  Reveal The Dimensions Of The Resonator.

16
Resonation Perception

• Real-World Hollow Objects Are 3-Dimensional
  Have Many Non-Parallel Boundaries
• Standing Waves Occur At Many More Frequencies And
  Vary In Strength.
• Putting In Sustained Broadband Noise Will Result
  In Highly Unique And Complex Spectrum Of
  Resonated Frequencies A Spectral Fingerprint Of
  The Physical Object!
• Strong Survival Value In Discriminating How
  Strongly Each Frequency (Out Of A Broad Range Of
  Frequencies) Is Being Reinforced By An Object.

17
Resonation Perception

• Our Ears Are Spectrum Analysers
• Inner Ears Compare Strengths Of Different
  Frequencies Coming From A Single Object.
• We Can Associate Sounds We Hear With Objects We
  See, Even When We Cant See Them!
• Our Ears Report To Our Brains, Which Is Not Aware
  Of Separate Frequencies, But Instead Perceives
  Timbre - An Overall Sound Quality.

18
From William Vennard Singing The Mechanism The
Technique
19
From Ralph Appleman The Science Of Vocal Pedagogy
20
The Purpose of Hearing

• Scout Out Our Environment (for Predators and
  Food) Beyond Our Line Of Sight.
• What is out there?!
• Is It Moving Closer Or Further Away?!
• Where Is It?!

21
How We Hear

• What Is Out There?
• Spectral analysis with either/both ears.
  (Previously explained)

22
How We Hear

• What Is Out There?
• Spectral analysis with either/both ears.
  (Previously explained.)
• Is It Moving Closer Or Further Away?
• Changes in volume with either/both ears. (Inverse
  Square Law.)

23
How We Hear

• Where Is It ?
• Bianural Hearing Comparing the same sound as
  heard by two physically separate, distinctly
  shaped ears
• Relative Loudness
• Time Of Arrival
• Head-Related Transfer Function

24
How We Hear

• Where Is It ?
• Two Separate Perceptions of Environmental Sound
• Localization - I can point to the direction of
  the sound (e.g a lions roar)
• Envelopment - I am inside the sound (e.g. rain
  thunder)

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How We Localize Sound
26
How We Localize Sound
27
How We Localize Sound
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How We Localize Sound
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How We Localize Sound
30
How We Localize Sound
Whats The Difference? Head-Related Transfer
Function
31
Hi Fidelity/Home Theater Audio

• To Simulate Nature It Must Reproduce
• Realistic Complex Acoustic Spectrum
• Accurate Full-Range Speakers
• High-End Electronics
• Realistic Volume Levels/Volume Changes
• Sufficient Power and Speaker Sensitivity
• Accurate, Clean Micro and Macro Dynamics
• Realistic Binaural Cues via Multiple Speakers
• Relative Loudness
• Time Of Arrival
• Head-Related Transfer Function

32
Hi Fidelity/Home Theater Audio

• Monophonic Sound
• All sound sources sonically image at the speaker.

33
Hi Fidelity/Home Theater Audio

• 2-Channel Stereophonic Sound
• Sound sources sonically phantom-image between and
  behind the speakers.

• Can have multiple simultaneous sonic phantom
  images.
• Can smoothly pan a sonic phantom image.

• 2 Discrete Channels

34
Hi Fidelity/Home Theater Audio

• Quadraphonic Sound
• Sound sources sonically phantom-image between the
  front speakers, between the back speakers, but
  not between the side speakers.

• 4 -gt 2 Matrixed Channels and barely feasible
  Discrete

35
Hi Fidelity/Home Theater Audio

• Matrixed 4 Channels into 2
• 2 Channels Lt Rt provide
• Left Channel Lt
• Right Channel Rt
• Channel 3 Lt Rt
• Channel 4 Lt - Rt
• Just 3 db Channel Isolation due to Inter-channel
  Bleeding.
• Steering Logic Can Isolate Channels Further, But
  for Only One Phantom Image at a Time

36
Hi Fidelity/Home Theater Audio

• Dolby Stereo (Theaters) Thanks, Star Wars Episode
  4
• Left/Center/Right Speakers Behind Screen Single
  Surround Channel into Many Speakers for
  Envelopment

• 4 -gt 2 Matrixed Channels. Delayed,
  Frequency-Limited Surround Channel

37
Hi Fidelity/Home Theater Audio

• Dolby Pro Logic (Home)
• Left/Center/Right w. Center Above/Below the
  Display Single Surround Channel into 2 Dipolar
  Speakers for Envelopment

• 4 -gt 2 Matrixed Channels. Delayed,
  Frequency-Limited Surround Channel

38
Hi Fidelity/Home Theater Audio

• Digital 5.1 in Theaters
• Left/Center/Right Speakers Behind Screen Left
  Sur/Right Sur Subwoofer

• Discrete 5 Full-Range Channels Discrete
  Subwoofer

39
Hi Fidelity/Home Theater Audio

• Digital 5.1 Home Configuration
• Left/Center/Right w. Center Above/Below the
  Display Left Sur/Right Sur Subwoofer

-30o 0o 30o
-120o 120o

• Discrete 5 Full-Range Channels Discrete
  Subwoofer

40
Hi Fidelity/Home Theater Audio

• Digital 6.1 in Theaters Thanks, Star Wars Episode
  1
• Left/Center/Right Behind Screen Left Sur/Back
  Sur/ Right Sur Subwoofer

• 5 Channels Discrete Subwoofer Back Channel
  Matrixed

41
Hi Fidelity/Home Theater Audio

• Digital 7.1 Home Configuration
• Left/Center/Right w. Center Above/Below the
  Display Left Sur/Left Back/Right Back/Right Sur
  Sub

-30o 0o 30o
-90o 90o
-150o 150o

• Discrete 7 Full-Range Channels Discrete
  Subwoofer

42
Digital Television
43
Digital Television

• Its Coming February 17, 2009. Do you know where
  your programs are?

44
Digital Television

• What Is It?
• A Totally New Television System

45
Digital Television

• What was wrong with the old Analog system?

46
Digital Television

• What was wrong with the old Analog system?
• 1930s Technology

47
Digital Television

• What was wrong with the old Analog system?
• 1930s Technology
• Black White

48
Digital Television

• What was wrong with the old Analog system?
• 1930s Technology
• Black White
• Monophonic Sound

49
Digital Television

• What was wrong with the old Analog system?
• 1930s Technology
• Black White
• Monophonic Sound
• Maximum Screen Size 19 inches

50
Digital Television

• What was wrong with the old Analog system?
• 1930s Technology
• Black White
• Monophonic Sound
• Maximum Screen Size 19 inches
• Kluged Retrofits Still not close to
  photographic and larger-than-life quality of
  movies.

51
Digital Television

• Why Now? Actually it started in the 1980s

52
Digital Television

• Why Now? Actually it started in the 1980s.
• Japanese Developed Analogue High Definition TV
  Began Marketing It in the US.

53
Digital Television

• Why Now? Actually it started in the 1980s.
• Japanese Developed Analogue High Definition TV
  Began Marketing It in the US.
• Congress Feared Further Technology Patent Drain

54
Digital Television

• Why Now? Actually it started in the 1980s.
• Congress asked American companies to develop a
  more/better American System
• Offered no government funding but instead enticed
  with opportunities for patent royalties.
• Would conduct fly-off of all submitted systems.
• 4 teams of companies entered the competition.

55
Digital Television

• Why Now? Then Why Did It Take So Long To
  Develop?
• Broadcasters insisted on being included i.e. the
  high definition system would have to fit within
  current licensed stations (6 MHz
  Bandwidth/Channel).
• The Japanese system had required higher bandwidth
  cable and satellite distribution.

56
Digital Television

• Why Now? Then Why Did It Take So Long To
  Develop?
• Broadcasters insisted on being included i.e. the
  high definition system would have to fit within
  current licensed stations (6 MHz
  Bandwidth/Channel).
• The Japanese system had required higher bandwidth
  cable and satellite distribution.
• FCC conducted not one, but three flyoffs over 10
  years and found no system satisfactory.

57
Digital Television

• Why Now? Then Why Did It Take So Long To
  Develop?
• Broadcasters insisted on being included i.e. the
  high definition system would have to fit within
  current licensed stations (6 MHz
  Bandwidth/Channel).
• The Japanese system had required higher bandwidth
  cable and satellite distribution.
• FCC conducted not one, but three flyoffs over 10
  years and found no system satisfactory.
• During the third flyoff, one team proposed a
  digital system which showed promise.

58
Digital Television

• Why Now? Then Why Did It Take So Long To
  Develop?
• The four competing teams of companies and
  research institutions were about to drop out of
  the development over 10 years of IRD with no
  return in sight.

59
Digital Television

• Why Now? Then Why Did It Take So Long To
  Develop?
• The four competing teams of companies and
  research institutions were about to drop out of
  the development over 10 years of IRD with no
  return in sight.
• The FCC suggested that the four teams agree to
  share patent royalties and combine efforts to use
  the best of all proposed systems.

60
Digital Television

• Why Now? Then Why Did It Take So Long To
  Develop?
• The four competing teams of companies and
  research institutions were about to drop out of
  the development over 10 years of IRD with no
  return in sight.
• The FCC suggested that the four teams agree to
  share patent royalties and combine efforts to use
  the best of all proposed systems
• This Grand Alliance completed development of the
  current ATSC system in the mid 1990s and the
  FCC adopted it in 1997.

61
Digital Television

• What Is Better About Our New ATSC Television
  System?

62
Digital Television

• What Is Better About Our New ATSC Television
  System?
• Needs Fewer Channels

63
Digital Television

• What Is Better About Our New ATSC Television
  System?
• Needs Fewer Channels
• Versatile Content

64
Digital Television

• What Is Better About Our New ATSC Television
  System?
• Needs Fewer Channels
• Versatile Content
• HDTV Options
• Photographic Picture
• Wide-Screen Like Movies
• Discrete Surround Sound

65
Digital Television

• Picture Quality
• Much Higher Resolution 1 or 2 million pixels
  versus 230,000 for analogue broadcast or 345,000
  for DVD

66
Digital Television

• Picture Quality
• Much Higher Resolution 1 or 2 million pixels
  versus 230,000 for analogue broadcast or 345,000
  for DVD
• Wider Color Gamut - More Saturated Colors

67
Digital Television

• Picture Quality
• Much Higher Resolution 1 or 2 million pixels
  versus 230,000 for analogue broadcast or 345,000
  for DVD
• Wider Color Gamut - More Saturated Colors
• Wider Color Gamut - Many More Hues

68
Digital Television

• Picture Quality
• Much Higher Resolution 1 or 2 million pixels
  versus 230,000 for analogue broadcast or 345,000
  for DVD
• Wider Color Gamut - More Saturated Colors
• Wider Color Gamut - Many More Hues
• Better Color Spatial Resolution - Patterned
  Versus Pastel Shirts

69
Digital Television

• Wide-Screen Aspect Ratio
• Resolution 4 Hor. X 4 Vert. 16 Pixels
• Aspect Ratio 44 or 1.0 to 1.0

70
Digital Television

• Academy Aspect Ratio
• Resolution 4 Hor. X 3 Vert. 12 Pixels
• Aspect Ratio 43 or 1.331.0
• Analogue TV Has Theoretical 640 Hor. X 480 Vert.
  Aspect Ratio 1.331.0

71
Digital Television

• Wide Aspect Ratio
• Typical Movie Aspect Ratios - 1.331.0
  (Edison),1.661.0, 1.851.0, 2.051.0, 2.351.0
• How can HDTV accommodate all these aspect ratios?
  Take the geometric mean - 1.781.0
• Actual Pixel Counts
• 1280 X 720 1 Megapixel Refreshed 60
  Times/Sec.
• 1920 X 1080 2 Megapixels Refreshed 30
  Times/Sec.

72
Digital Television

• 3. 5.1 Dolby Digital Surround
• Left Front, Center Front, Right Front, Left
  Surround, Right Surround, Subwoofer
• Also Carries Regular Stereo For TV Speakers

73
Digital Television

• What Happens To My Old TVs When Analogue TV Is
  Turned Off on Feb 17, 2009?
• Will need a converter box
• Satellite receiver
• Cable Box
• Over-The-Air Box
• Picture will still be standard definition on old
  TV, and will be letterboxed to accommodate
  wide-screen programs (or else 1. the sides of the
  picture will be cut off or 2. everyone will look
  really thin!)

74
Digital Television

• The Coupon Progam
• Nielson estimates 14.3 million US households rely
  on over-the-air TV. Thats 12 of the nations
  households.
• Each household can apply for up to 2 40. coupons
  to spend on ATSC digital tuner boxes for analog
  TVs.
• Congress has allotted 1.5 B for the program to
  be administered via the National
  Telecommunications and Information
  Administration. 33.5 Million Coupons.
• Boxes sell for 50. - 70. 250 major retailers
  have been approved to sell them.
• Boxes only have Composite or Coax connector, no
  S-Video or Component only output standard
  definition.
• 13 million coupons distributed so far.
• http//www.ntia.doc.gov/dtvcoupon/

75
Digital Television

• What do I need to know to buy a new HDTV? Must
  have
• ATSC Tuner

76
Digital Television

• What do I need to know to buy a new HDTV? Must
  have
• ATSC Tuner (Over The Air)
• QAM Tuner (Basic Cable)

77
Digital Television

• What do I need to know to buy a new HDTV? Must
  have
• ATSC Tuner (Over The Air)
• QAM Tuner (Basic Cable)
• Pixel Count At Least 1280 X 720 (720p)

78
Digital Television

• What do I need to know to buy a new HDTV? Must
  have
• ATSC Tuner (Over The Air)
• QAM Tuner (Basic Cable)
• Pixel Count At Least 1280 X 720 (720p)
• Diagonal Size 1/2 Viewing Distance

79
Digital Television

• What do I need to know to buy a new HDTV? Nice
  to have
• HDMI Hookup (Still Has Bugs)

80
Digital Television

• What do I need to know to buy a new HDTV? Nice
  to have
• HDMI Hookup (Still Has Bugs)
• Cable Card

81
Digital Television

• What do I need to know to buy a new HDTV? Nice
  to have
• HDMI Hookup (Still Has Bugs)
• Cable Card
• Pixel Count 1920 X 1080 (1080I or 1080P)

82
Digital Television

• What do I need to know to buy a new HDTV? Nice
  to have
• HDMI Hookup (Still Has Bugs)
• Cable Card
• Pixel Count 1920 X 1080 (1080I or 1080P)
• 120 Hz Refresh
• Eliminates Image Persistence Judder

83
Digital Television

• What do I need to know to buy a new HDTV? Nice
  to have
• HDMI Hookup (Still Has Bugs)
• Cable Card
• Pixel Count 1920 X 1080 (1080I or 1080P)
• 120 Hz Refresh
• Eliminates Image Persistence Judder
• 3D Ready

84
Digital Television

• What do I need to know to buy a new HDTV? Nice
  to have
• HDMI Hookup (Still Has Bugs)
• Cable Card
• Pixel Count 1920 X 1080 (1080I or 1080P)
• 120 Hz Refresh
• Eliminates Image Persistence Judder
• 3D Ready
• More Color Ready
• Deep Color (10-14 bits/Primary)
• xvYCC Extended Color (LED, Laser Illumination)

85
Digital Television

• What Do I Need To Know To Buy A New TV? How Do I
  Judge Picture Performance?
• Brightness (Red Herring - only relevant for very
  bright rooms)

86
Digital Television

• What Do I Need To Know To Buy A New TV? How Do I
  Judge Picture Performance?
• Brightness (Red Herring - only relevant for very
  bright rooms)
• Color Accuracy Do they look natural?

87
Digital Television

• What Do I Need To Know To Buy A New TV? How Do I
  Judge Picture Performance?
• Brightness (Red Herring - only relevant for very
  bright rooms)
• Color Accuracy Do they look natural?
• Shadow Detail

88
Digital Television

• What Do I Need To Know To Buy A New TV? How Do I
  Judge Picture Performance?
• Brightness (Red Herring - only relevant for very
  bright rooms)
• Color Accuracy Do they look natural?
• Shadow Detail
• Instantaneous Contrast

89
Digital Television

• What Do I Need To Know To Buy A New TV? How Do I
  Judge Picture Performance?
• Brightness (Red Herring - only relevant for very
  bright rooms)
• Color Accuracy Do they look natural?
• Shadow Detail
• Instantaneous Contrast
• Motion Persistence?

90
Digital Television

• What Do I Need To Know To Buy A New TV? How Do I
  Judge Picture Performance?
• Brightness (Red Herring - only relevant for very
  bright rooms)
• Color Accuracy Do they look natural?
• Shadow Detail
• Instantaneous Contrast
• Motion Persistence?
• Contouring?

91
Digital Television

• What Do I Need To Know To Buy A New TV? How Do I
  Judge Picture Performance?
• Brightness (Red Herring - only relevant for very
  bright rooms)
• Color Accuracy Do they look natural?
• Shadow Detail
• Instantaneous Contrast
• Motion Persistence?
• Contouring?
• Off Axis Viewing (Depends on seating).
• Brightness Diminishes
• Colors Change

92
Digital Television

• What Type Of HDTV Format Should I Buy?
• Rear Projection - Best Value even though
  disappearing.
• New models are no deeper than Flat Panels on
  their stands.
• Still best for screen sizes 60
• Front Projection - Best to Suspend Disbelief
• Flat Panel Lifestyle Choice, Lifestyle Cost.
  Vary Greatly in Picture Quality.

93
Digital Television

• What Type Of HDTV Technology Should I Buy?
• Alphabet Soup, But You Need to Know
• 3LCD Front Projectors and Rear Projection Sets
• Screen Door Effect - Acceptable Pixel Fill
• Mediocre Contrast - but gradually improving
• Mediocre Blacks - but gradually improving
• Mediocre Off Axis Viewing (Rear Projection)
• Good Brightness
• Brightness Ages Some, but Restores w. New Bulb
• Bulb Life 2000 - 4000 Hours. Cost 300. - 400.
• Cheapest Projectors and Projection Sets

94
Digital Television

• What Type Of HDTV Technology Should I Buy?
• Alphabet Soup, But You Need to Know
• DLP Front Projectors and Rear Projection Sets
• Color Wheel Can Cause Fringing - hence
  multispeed.
• Extended Color Gamut with Optional 6 Primary
  Colors
• Screen Door Effect - Very Good Pixel Fill
• Good Contrast - and keeps improving
• Good Blacks - and keeps improving
• Mediocre Off Axis Viewing (Rear Projection)
• Good Brightness
• Brightness Ages Some, but Restores w. New Bulb
• Bulb Life 2000 - 4000 Hours. Cost 300. - 400.
• Wide Range Of Price Performance.
• 3 DLP the Best Costliest

95
Digital Television

• What Type Of HDTV Technology Should I Buy?
• Alphabet Soup, But You Need to Know
• LCOS (D-ILA SXRD) Front Projectors and Rear
  Projection Sets
• Screen Door Effect - Very Good Pixel Fill
• Good To Great Contrast
• Some D-ILA is Best in Industry
• Good To Great Blacks
• Mediocre Off Axis Viewing (Rear Projection)
• Good Brightness
• Brightness Ages Some, but Restores w. New Bulb
• Bulb Life 2000 - 4000 Hours. Cost 300. - 400.
• Price Competitive with DLP

96
Digital Television

• What Type Of HDTV Technology Should I Buy?
• Alphabet Soup, But You Need to Know
• Plasma Flat Panels
• Digital Picture Resolution - some 1920 X 1080,
  many 1346 X 768, Beware 1024 X 768 (43 inch)
• Screen Door Effect - Very Good Pixel Fill
• Good To Great Contrast - Rivals CRT
• Good to Great Blacks - Rivals CRT
• Superb Off Axis Viewing - Rivals CRT
• Good Brightness
• Rich Colors
• 40,000 Hour Predicted Life But Will Lose
  Brightness w. Age
• Susceptible to Burn-In
• Expensive, But Cheaper Than Flat Panel LCD for
  Large Sizes

97
Digital Television

• What Type Of HDTV Technology Should I Buy?
• Alphabet Soup, But You Need to Know
• LCD Flat Panels
• Digital Picture Resolution - Most 1920 X 1080,
  Some 1280 X 720, Beware 1080 X 1080, Many SD
  (Smaller)
• Brightest Display Technology
• Least Refined Display Technology - Digital Grain
• Screen Door Effect - Acceptable Pixel Fill
• Mediocre Contrast - But Improving w. Each
  Generation
• Mediocre Blacks - But Improving w. Each
  Generation
• Poor Off Axis Viewing - Brightness and Color
  Shifts
• Wide Range of Picture Quality Prices, but
• Getting Ever Cheaper To Produce - Rivals CRT in
  Cost for Small Screen Sizes and Is Sexier
• Will Eventually Rule The Mass Market

98
Digital Television

• What Happens When I Get The Set Home? Programming
  Sources
• Over-The-Air Free All local stations now have
  digital channels. Needs a good antenna.
• During set-up your set will scan for them and
  store.

99
Digital Television

• What Happens When I Get The Set Home? Programming
  Sources
• Over-The-Air Free All local stations now have
  digital channels. Needs a good antenna.
• During set-up your set will scan for them and
  store.
• Time-Warner Cable Some local digital stations
  available but not NBC or WB. Optional HD Cable
  Network Tier HD Premium Channels Available

100
Digital Television

• What Happens When I Get The Set Home? Programming
  Sources
• Over-The-Air Free All local stations now have
  digital channels. Needs a good antenna.
• During set-up your set will scan for them and
  store.
• Time-Warner Cable Some local digital stations
  available but not NBC or WB. Optional HD Cable
  Network Tier HD Premium Channels Available
• Satellite No local digital channels available
  yet.
• DirectTV More HD Every Week As Cable Networks
  Convert. Rumored Reformatted to 1440 X 1080
• Dish Network More HD Every Week As Cable
  Networks Convert. Better Picture Quality. Start
  of 1080P PPV

101
Digital Television

• Cable Networks In HD Already Obsolete!
• Basic Networks
• AE Animal Planet Discovery ESPN
• ESPN2 Food Network Golf Channel HGTV
• National Geog. Science Channel TBS TLC
• TNT NFL
• Premium Networks
• Big 10 Cinemax HBO Showtime Starz
• HD Only Networks
• HDNet HDNet Movies HD News HD Theater
  Universal HD
• Voom HD Only Networks (Dish Network Satellite
  Only)
• Animania Equator Family Room Film Fest
• Gallery Gameplay Kung Fu MHD
• Monsters Rave Rush Treasure
• Ultra World Cinema WorldSport

102
Digital Television

• Collecting HD Programs
• Digital VHS
• Use D-VHS or S-VHS Tape
• 2 1/2 Hrs HD/Tape - 3 hours of TV Minus
  Commercials
• Simple Operation via Firewire from DVR
• Also Records/Plays Regular Tapes
• HD Movies Available on D-Theater Tapes for 5
  Years
• Blu-Ray
• Different Dimensions From DVD
• Require New Factories To Produce
• Most Discs So Far Are Single Layer
• 25 Gbytes/Layer
• Starting Price 400.
• Disc Starting Price 25. Most 35.
• Full Spec Players Just Now Becoming Available

103
Digital Television

• Collecting HD Programs
• HD-DVD Format War Loser
• Discs Have Same Structure As DVDs
• Discs Players Are Cheaper To Produce
• Discs Can Be Produced In Regular DVD Factories
• Most Discs Are Dual Layer
• 15 Gbytes/Layer (but most X 2)
• More Interaction Capability Fully Ramped Up from
  Start
• Consistent, Intuitive Disc Menu System
• Some Dual Discs SD HD on Same Disc
• Player Prices Start 150.