Hypertension 2002: An Overview

1
Hypertension 2002 An Overview
2
Leading Risks For Death (World Health
Organization 1995)
3
What Is Blood Pressure?

• Blood pressure is the amount of force on the
  walls of the arteries as the blood circulates
  around the body.

4
What Do The Numbers Mean?

• The upper number is when the heart beats
• (Systolic Blood Pressure SBP)
• The lower number is when the heart relaxes
• (Diastolic Blood Pressure DBP)

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Measured in mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)

• e.g. 124/82 mm Hg
• Systolic124 mm Hg
• Diastolic 82 mm Hg

6
What is Hypertension ?

• It is also called High Blood Pressure (HBP)
• Hypertension is a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg
  or greater

140
90
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Classification of Blood Pressure for Adults
Blood pressure category
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic
Diastolic
Optimal lt120 and lt80 Normal lt130 and lt85 High
normal 130139 or 8589Hypertension Stage
1 140159 or 9099 Stage 2 160179 or 100109
Stage 3 gt180 or gt110
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What Causes HYPERTENSION ?

• 95 not known
• Genetics 40
• Environment 60 (lifestyle)
• 5 underlying disease

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Your Lifestyle is Related to Hypertension

• Sedentary lifestyle
• Unhealthy diet
• To little fresh fruit, fresh vegetables and low
  fat dairy
  
• products
• To much salt (sodium) and saturated fats
• Being overweight
• Alcohol
• Stress

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Hypertension Is More Common in Older People
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22 of Adult Canadians Have Hypertension
Treated and controlled
Unaware of their hypertension
16
42
19
23
Not treated and not controlled
Treated and not controlled
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Untreated Hypertension Can Cause

• Atherosclerosis
• Strokes
• Dementia
• Heart failure
• Kidney failure
• Poor circulation impotence, leg cramps when
  walking
• Premature death
• Re

• Pressure related damage
• Strokes
• Heart failure
• Kidney failure
• Confusion
• Premature death

13
Why Do Some Develop Heart Disease or Stroke and
Others Dont?

• There are several risks that cause heart attacks
  and strokes
• The more risks and the higher the risks, the
  greater the chance of developing heart disease or
  stroke
• More than 9 in 10 Canadians with hypertension
  have other risks of developing heart disease and
  stroke

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Cardiovascular Risks

• High blood pressure
• Smoking
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Low physical activity
• Stress
• Obesity
• Diet
• Excess alcohol consumption

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What Are the Benefits of Treating Hypertension?
For a decrease of 10/5 mm Hg

• Heart attack by 15
• Heart failure by 50
• Stroke by 38
• Death by 10

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Who Can Help You Control Treat Your
Hypertension ?

• You
• Your family
• Family doctor
• Nurse, dietitian, pharmacist, psychologist,
  exercise physiologist
• Medical specialist

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How Low Should Your Blood Pressure Be Lowered to?

• Most people
• Less than 140/90 mm Hg when measured at the
  doctors office
• Less than 135/85 mm Hg when measured at home
• Diabetes or kidney disease
• Less than 130/80 mm Hg when measured at the
  doctors office

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9 Ways to Help Control Hypertension

• Eat a healthy diet
• Be active for at least 45-60 minutes 4-5 times /
  week
• Control your weight
• Limit daily alcohol to 2 drinks/day or less

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9 Ways to Help Control Hypertension(Cont..)

• Cut back on salt
• Dont smoke
• Take time to relax
• Take medications as prescribed
• Check your BP at home

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Drugs for Hypertension
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Antihypertensive Drugs(Drugs Used to Treat
Hypertension)

• risk of death and disability
• Usually do not make you feel better
• Usually do not make you feel worse
• Usually need to be combined to normalize blood
  pressure

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Antihypertensive Drugs (Cont.)

• Are taken for life unless your doctor stops the
  medication
• Need to be continued, even though you feel well
• Can interact with alcohol

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Classes of Drugs

• Diuretics
• Beta-Blockers
• ACE inhibitors
• Calcium channel blockers
• Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
• Alpha blockers
• Miscellaneous

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Antihypertensive Medications

• Compliance
• AdherenceConcordance

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If Medication Is Not Taken As Directed

• BP may not be controlled
• When you dont take your medication, your doctor
  may prescribe another drug since they might think
  the first one didnt work or increase dosage of
  drugs
• Side effects may be more troublesome
• An adverse reaction or event may result

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Tips To Help You Take Your Medication

• Develop a practical medication schedule
  (timetable) with your doctor or pharmacist
• Keep an up-to-date medication record listing all
  medical conditions and drugs you take
• Keep this record in your wallet
• Show your medication record to your doctor and
  pharmacist at each visit

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Hints For Using Medication Wisely

• Tailor your medication taking to fit your daily
  schedule (e.g. when you brush your teeth)
• Monitor your BP to see how well your medications
  are working

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Hints For Using Medication Wisely (Cont.)

• If you are having problems remembering
• your pills
• Count your tablets to see how often you are
  forgetting them
• Use a dosette(medication box)

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Self measurement of BP
AND UA-767
Omron HEM-747
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Summary

• Hypertension is a common cause of disability and
  death
• Hypertension can be prevented and treated by
  changes in lifestyle
• The problems caused by hypertension can be
  largely prevented by drug therapy if treatment
  goals are reached

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Hypertension questions

• 1. Blood pressure measures the amount of pressure
  in your arteries.
• TRUE FALSE

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Hypertension questions

• 2. A blood pressure greater than 140 over 90
  (140/90 mmHg) is generally considered too high.
• TRUE FALSE

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Hypertension questions

• 3. You can usually tell if your blood pressure is
  too high by the way you feel.
• TRUE FALSE

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Hypertension questions

• 4. Having one elevated blood pressure reading
  means than you have high blood pressure.
• TRUE FALSE

35
Hypertension questions

• 5. High blood pressure (sometimes called
  hypertension) is a major risk factor for heart
  disease.
• TRUE FALSE

36
Hypertension questions

• 6. The following lifestyle factors can help to
  treat and control high blood pressure
• Weight control or having a healthy weight
• Regular exercise
• Eating a healthy diet
• Restricting alcohol intake
• TRUE FALSE

37
Hypertension questions

• 7. Smoking can cause high blood pressure.
• TRUE FALSE
•  

38
Hypertension questions

• 8. Generally, people who do not have high blood
  pressure should have their blood pressure checked
  every 3 to 4 years.
• TRUE FALSE

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Hypertension questions

• 9. If you are being treated for high blood
  pressure you will need to stay on treatment the
  rest of your life.
• TRUE FALSE