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Explaining the FSIS Sampling Program for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Raw Ground Beef Kristina Barlow

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Title: Explaining the FSIS Sampling Program for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Raw Ground Beef Kristina Barlow


1
Explaining the FSIS Sampling Program for
Escherichia coli O157H7 in Raw Ground
BeefKristina Barlow, Priya Kadam, Stephanie
Buchanan, Priscilla LevineU.S. Department of
Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service
Office of Public Health Science
  • Results

Fig. 1
Fig. 3
  • Introduction
  • E. coli O157H7 was first recognized as a
    foodborne pathogen with major public health
    consequences in 1982, when it was associated with
    2 outbreaks of bloody diarrhea in Oregon and
    Michigan.
  • Infection with E. coli O157H7 can lead to
    hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and hemorrhagic
    colitis and even death.
  • There are an estimated 73,500 cases and 60 deaths
    per year from E. coli O157H7 in the USA.
    According to surveillance results from Centers
    for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from
    1982 through 2002, ground beef was the food
    vehicle for 41 foodborne E. coli O157H7
    outbreaks.
  • USDA/FSIS microbiological regulatory testing for
    O157H7 is performed for raw ground beef (RGB),
    and beef patty components and RGB components are
    tested for baseline studies.
  • Samples are collected from federal plants, retail
    stores, state plants, and import establishments.
  • Purpose of this Poster
  • FSIS routinely posts results from E. coli O157H7
    testing program in tabular format on its website.
    However, little background, interpretation, and
    discussion is provided. The purpose of this
    poster is to
  • describe the context of the sampling program,
  • provide a more in-depth analysis of the data, and
  • explain how FSIS utilizes data from the E. coli
    O157H7 sampling program to help protect public
    health.

FSIS E. coli O157H7 Time Line
Fig. 4
Fig. 2
More sensitive laboratory method adopted
  • Sample Collection and Testing
  • Establishments are selected randomly for
    sampling.
  • Raw ground beef was collected (1/2 pound before
    1997 and 1 pound after 1997) and shipped
    overnight to the FSIS Field Service Laboratories
    (FSL).
  • Samples are analyzed using methods in FSISs
    Microbiological Laboratory Guidebook (MLG),
    available online at
  • http//www.fsis.usda.gov/Science/Microbiological_L
    ab_Guidebook/index.asp
  • Testing results are posted on the FSIS website
    at
  • http//www.fsis.usda.gov/Science/Ground_Beef_E.Col
    i_Testing_Results/index.asp
  • How Does FSIS Use the Data?
  • If ground beef tests positive for E. coli
    O157H7, and the product was not held by the
    establishment, FSIS will initiate a recall.
  • Sampling frequencies are adjusted based on
    program results (e.g. increased sampling during
    summer months).
  • Data are used to initiate new sampling programs,
    such as the trim baseline (samples raw-ground
    beef components) and to develop future programs
    such as risk-based sampling (more samples
    collected in riskier establishments).
  • Incident Investigation Teams (IIT) are sent to
    establishments with high levels of positives to
    help determine how levels can be decreased.
  • Positive samples are further analyzed to obtain
    pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns.
    These patterns are compared to patterns from
    clinical isolates to detect outbreaks and
    illnesses.
  • Program Results
  • Examining the number of recalls held in response
    to E. coli O157H7 positives from CY 2001-2004
    shows that as the program progressed, more
    samples were held, resulting in fewer recalls
    (Fig. 1).
  • From CY 1994 through 2005, about 63.7 of the
    positive samples came from federal plants, 35.1
    from retail stores, 0.5 from state plants, and
    0.7 from imports. Over this time period, FSIS
    increased the number of samples collected from
    federally inspected establishments, in response
    to higher percentage positives in these samples
    (Fig. 2).
  • Early in the sampling program (CY2001 and 2002)
    there were higher number of positives during the
    summer months. In response to this, FSIS
    increased sampling during these months. In later
    years (CY 2003-2005), numbers of positives were
    low during all months of the year (Fig. 3).
  • Examining the percentage positives over time
    showed an increasing then decreasing trend.
    Increases before CY 2000 could have been due to
    changes in laboratory methodology. Decreases
    after CY 2000 could have been due to changes in
    FSIS policies and increased industry response to
    these policies (Fig. 4).

Acknowledgements We would like to thank the FSIS
personnel who collected the samples and the
laboratory personnel who analyzed them. We would
also like to thank reviewers who helped provide
useful feedback for this project.
For more in-depth analysis of results see Naugle
et. al. FSIS Regulatory Testing Program for E.
coli O157H7 in Raw Ground Beef. Journal of
Food Protection, Vol. 68, No. 3, 2005, Pages
462-468.
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