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DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT The networking situation in South East Europe

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... than I do about many of the countries and issues that are mentioned. ... Politics ... are 'in' or 'out' of the Balkans is probably a big issue for some people. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT The networking situation in South East Europe


1
DRAFT DRAFT DRAFTThe networking situationin
South East Europe
  • David Williams
  • CERN, also President TERENA
  • ICFA-SCIC meeting, CERN
  • 12 July 2002

2
Health warning
  • This presentation is a DRAFT
  • It contains personal judgments, which are hard to
    substantiate, in several places
  • Please do not circulate it widely
  • It will need lots of checking and revision before
    it is suitable for wider circulation
  • Other people know far more than I do about many
    of the countries and issues that are mentioned.
    I would be grateful to receive good updates of
    those areas (especially as corrections or as new
    PowerPoint slides) mailtoDavid.Williams_at_cern.ch

3
An excellent resource!
  • After doing quite a lot of work to prepare these
    slides I came across a very interesting site,
    entitled Scientific Collaboration and Networking
    in South-Eastern Europe www.rdg.ac.uk/ems97pc/se
    europe.html which I encourage readers to explore.
  • The author is Dr. Patrick Carmichael, University
    of Reading

4
General background
5
Politics
  • This is not a history lesson, and indeed deciding
    which countries are in or out of the Balkans
    is probably a big issue for some people. Even
    calling the area the Balkans is no longer PC,
    with the term South East Europe (SEE) being much
    preferred.
  • Suffice it to say that the area has a
    centuries-long background as the area where
    Islam, Catholicism and Orthodoxy met and
    interacted.
  • For the last 15 years there have been truly
    terrible conflicts in several of the countries.
  • While there is significant political progress in
    some countries, ethnic conflicts, or even
    inter-clan fights for power, are still part of
    the daily reality in others.

6
Which countries?
  • The following countries are at the heart of the
    Balkans, and info on EU relations with them can
    be accessed via these URLs
  • Albania europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/see/
    albania/index.htm
  • Bosnia Herzegovina europa.eu.int/comm/external_r
    elations/see/bosnie_herze/index.htm
  • Croatia europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/see/
    croatia/index.htm
  • Federal Republic of Yugoslavia europa.eu.int/comm/
    external_relations/see/fry/index.htm
  • Kosovo europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/see/f
    ry/kosovo/index.htm
  • Republic of Montenegro europa.eu.int/comm/external
    _relations/see/fry/montenegro/index.htm
  • Republic of Serbia europa.eu.int/comm/external_rel
    ations/see/fry/serbia/index.htm
  • The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
    europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/see/fyrom/in
    dex.htm

7
Neighbours
  • In regional discussions it is not unusual to see
    the involvement of-
  • Bulgaria
  • Romania
  • Hungary
  • Greece
  • and even Turkey

8
Computer networks
  • Much international aid is devoted to rebuilding
    the infrastructure in the tentatively pacified
    countries.
  • People normally mean roads and electric power
    when they talk of infrastructure
  • But people in this audience understand the
    importance of computer networking as a
    fundamental part of modern society required
    both for participating in the worldwide research
    community and in modern commerce.
  • Obviously (to me) a fundamental aspect of
    building a democratic society.

9
UNESCO-ROSTE
  • UNESCO (godfather of CERN) has an office in
    Venice, their Regional Bureau for Science in
    Europe (ROSTE) unesco.dyndns.org
  • H. Schopper is the head of their Scientific
    Council
  • They have been active on the topic of Rebuilding
    Scientific Cooperation in South East Europe
    since early 2000 (maybe even earlier)
  • They held a workshop in Venice on 24-27 March
    2001, and the Proceedings can be consulted at
    unesco.dyndns.org/article/articleview/82/1/113/
  • They also held a Ministerial Conference in Paris
    on 24 October 2001. See unesco.dyndns.org/article
    /articleview/77/1/119/ and also
    unesco.dyndns.org/filemanager/filedownload/phpYm7b
    kV/DECLENG.pdf
  • There were plans to hold a Donors Conference
    soon, and this is perhaps the High-Level
    Conference on Strengthening Cooperation in
    South-East Europe, which will be held in Paris on
    4-5 April 2002??

10
Other players
  • At the UNESCO Web site erc.unesco.org/SEEConferenc
    e/partners.htm there is a list of organisations
    working to improve the situation in the Balkans.
    This includes-
  • The Stability Pact www.stabilitypact.org/
  • The European Commission europa.eu.int/comm/externa
    l_relations/see/
  • Council of Europe www.coe.int/portalT.asp
  • UNDP www.undp.org/rbec/programmes/
  • World Bank lnweb18.worldbank.org/eca/eca.nsf
  • OSCE www.osce.org
  • OECD www.oecd.org
  • EBRD www.ebrd.org
  • UNICEF  www.unicef.org

11
Background oncomputer networking
12
Information gathering
  • As part of the preparation of the UNESCO studies
    CERN was involved in various information
    gathering exercises in 2001.
  • Short visits, which aimed to gather information
    about both the general state of academia and
    about computer networking for the research and
    education communities, were made to BG, RO, BH,
  • This work was coordinated by the late Frans Heyn,
    and we have been unable to fully publish it.

13
Some basic information
  • For most of Western Europe, TERENA has recently
    started publishing its compendium
    www.terena.nl/compendium. Some of the Balkan
    countries are TERENA members, and information
    about their computer networks is available there.
  • There is some additional information available in
    the CEEnet database www.ceenet.org/database/

14
The three-level model
  • It is vital to remember that computer networking
    for the research and education communities
    depends on three levels of infrastructure and
    service
  • The campus
  • The national connections
  • The international connections
  • Congestion at any one point will cause the
    overall service seen by the end-user to be poor

15
eSEEurope
  • There is a reference on the Stability pact Web
    site to the eSEEurope initiative (earlier
    eBalkans).
  • There was a meeting if this body in Thessaloniki
    on 28-30 June 2001. A report is available at
    www.ekt.gr/news/events/ekt/2001-06-29/esee/Thelin-
    sweden-esee.doc
  • There was a further meeting in Stockholm on 6
    December 2001, and the report is at
    cgi.eseeurope.org/documents/Report_Stockholm_Semin
    ar_6_Dec202001_eSEEurope.doc
  • I have no detailed knowledge whether it will lead
    to anything. From a superficial reading this is
    mainly about policy, and not about providing
    services on the ground.

16
Research networking and commercial ISPs
  • Research networking has a complex (more-or-less
    symbiotic) relationship with the world of the
    commercial ISPs.
  • Telecoms monopolies have traditionally hindered
    progress both for the commercial Internet, and
    for research networking, because they only
    provided bandwidth at very high prices.
  • EU candidate countries are required to adopt the
    liberalised EU telecoms regime as part of the
    process of preparing to join.
  • Sometimes the local politicians need to be
    reminded why that is good for the national
    economy!
  • But sometimes they also need to be reminded why
    NRENs are good for them.

17
SEEREN proposal
  • A proposal was submitted to the EC, as an
    Accompanying Measure (i.e. 100 funded), at end-
    February 2002 for SEEREN. It is coordinated by
    Prof Maglaris (GRNET), and has ICTDA (Bulgaria),
    DANTE, HUNGARNET, RoEduNet and TERENA as
    partners. The request is for funding of 1.25
    Meuro over 12 months. It is my personal guess
    (and nothing more) that it is likely to be
    approved, hopefully close to the requested level
    of funding.
  • The SEEREN project aims at easing the digital
    divide that still separates most of the South
    Eastern European countries from the developed
    world, by instigating the establishment of a
    proper research and educational networking
    environment in the region. To that end, the
    National Research Education Networks (NRENs) of
    Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Former
    Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Greece, Romania
    and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia will be
    linked via medium speed interconnections amongst
    them and to the major GEANT Points of Presence in
    this area. This initiative will greatly benefit
    from the partnership with the NREN of Hungary, a
    major GEANT node and TERENA-DANTE experience. In
    this way, SEEREN will provide a platform for the
    cooperation of the scientific educational
    communities of EU Member States with Newly
    Associated Countries and 3rd Countries.

18
SEEREN assessment of present status
  • The current situation in terms of connectivity
    between the NRENs of the SE Europe region is
    extremely limited. If we exclude the current
    GEANT PoP connections, noticeable terrestrial
    links include the 2 Mbps severely congested line
    between Athens and Belgrade and the 5.2 Mbps line
    between Athens and Sofia. According to trace
    files of the management system, these lines are
    congested and need an upgrade. The regional
    network will incur additional loads to GEANT,
    since new NRENs will acquire access to the
    pan-European backbone. However, given the current
    status of new NRENs and their limited internal
    capacities, the expected additional load to GEANT
    will be quite low.
  • This is indicated in the following table based on
    initial predictions concerning regional
    connectivity that will be developed through the
    SEEREN project. Notice, that the NRENs of Romania
    and Bulgaria are already GEANT members the
    former has a 34 Mbps connection to the Budapest
    GEANT PoP, while Bulgaria is currently being
    served via a 5.2 Mbps line to GRNET.

19
Three slides from GRNET, concerning their
sponsorship of interconnection initiatives in the
Balkansfrom a presentation by Tryfon Chiotis
and Dimitra Kotsokali (15 February 2002, in
Athens)I believe that SEEREN proposal (above)
and the Balkan Regional Network (next) are the
same thing
20
Balkan Regional Network
300.000 /year Both ends
200.000 /year One end
21
Education Research Network SE Europe
  • MoU October 2000 (Salonika, InfoSystem)
  • Participants INIMA (AL), RoEduNet (RO), RNC
    (RO), UNICOM-B (BU), MARNET (FYROM), GRNET (GR)
  • MoU February 2001 (Athens)
  • Participants AMREJ (YO), GRNET (GR)
  • MoU June 2001 (Athens)
  • Participants ULAKBIM (TR), GRNET (GR)

22
GRNET sponsored Balkan interconnection initiatives
  • Connection of Sofia, Belgrad
  • Organization of Workshops
  • MoUs
  • Human resources (visits, research work)
  • Contribution to NRENs setup in terms of
    staffing, procedures, etc.

23
SINSEE
  • Scientific Information Network for SEE
  • Several participants/sponsors
  • MPI for Physics, Munich (Werner Heisenberg
    Institut)
  • Cisco
  • Telindus
  • Serbian Ministry of Science, Tech and Devt
  • UCC at Belgrade, Nis and Novi Sad
  • BMBF, DFN, German Commission for UNESCO
  • There is a 4-page description at
    www.wigv.de/SINSEE_overview_0302.pdf

24
Workshop on Regionalisationof NRENs in SEE
  • Sofia 11/12 May 2002
  • Sponsored by BMBF
  • NORDUnet model?
  • Cross-border links
  • There is a 3 page communique at
    cern.ch/David.Williams/public/communique_work_sofi
    a_1205.doc

25
UNESCO
  • I have recently seen a satellite proposal, ESA
    and Alcatel?
  • I think that its still confidential at the moment

26
A quick overview (probably over-simplified) of
the various national situations
  • At the meeting Olivier Martin made the good
    suggestion that for each country we should try to
    specify the extent to which the NREN carries
    commodity as well as research traffic. We take
    this as a goal for a future version.

27
Romania (1/2)
  • EU accession state - europa.eu.int/comm/enlargemen
    t/romania/
  • Potentially interested in CERN membership
  • Two academic networks?
  • RoEduNet oriented to universities www.roedu.net
    runs the GEANT connection
  • RNC oriented to RD activities www.rnc.ro is the
    TERENA and CEEnet member
  • Some indications that they might soon be merged
  • Status in March 2002(?) given on next slide from
    RoEduNet (I think) 34 Mbps internal links and
    155 Mbps GEANT connection.
  • Overall networking struggling but improving?

28
GEANT 155Mbps
29
Bulgaria
  • EU accession state - europa.eu.int/comm/enlargemen
    t/bulgaria/
  • CERN member
  • Not a TERENA member
  • GEANT link (In principle 34 Mbps access speed,
    but only 5.2 Mbps via Athens available today?)
    will presumably be upgraded as part of SEEREN, if
    that goes ahead.
  • Academic network
  • Was recently (in a government change?) disbanded
    and then recreated as ICT Development Agency
    (ICTDA), which is an SEEREN participant
  • See www.undp.bg/ict4dev/
  • Overall networking struggling but improving?

30
Albania
  • Very tough internal situation
  • Not an EU accession state
  • Not a CERN member
  • Not a TERENA member
  • No GEANT link, but would connect to SEEREN
  • Academic network
  • INIMA See www.soros.al/anet/
  • Overall networking pretty tough conditions?

31
Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Still considerable internal political problems
  • Not an EU accession state, CERN member, or TERENA
    member
  • No GEANT link but would connect to SEEREN
  • Academic network
  • BiHarnet See www.biharnet.ba, but hard to get
    connected
  • From CEEnet database at end 1998-
  • Five cities connected by leased lines (speed
    unknown) Three foreign links-- 2 Mbps leased
    line to Slovenia-- 128k satellite link to
    Austria-- 128k satellite link to Holland
  • Overall networking very very hard?

32
Croatia
  • Not an EU accession state or CERN member
  • TERENA and CEEnet member
  • GEANT link 155 Mbps access to a PoP which is
    dual-connected at 622 Mbps to the GEANT core
  • Academic network
  • CARnet See www.carnet.hr/index_eng.html
  • Overall networking rather reasonable?

33
Serbia/Yugoslavia
  • Not an EU accession state
  • Not a CERN or TERENA member
  • GEANT link (2 Mbps via Athens), presumably will
    be upgraded as part of SEEREN
  • Academic network
  • AMREJ www.rcub.bg.ac.yu/AMREJ/index.htm but no
    English version?
  • Overall networking heavily overloaded??

34
Kosovo
  • Not an easy political situation (formally still
    part of FRY??)
  • Not an EU accession state, CERN member, nor
    TERENA member
  • No GEANT link
  • Academic network
  • Status unknown
  • Overall networking presumably almost none?

35
Macedonia (FYROM)
  • Not an EU accession state nor CERN member
  • Long-standing and active TERENA (Prof Margita
    Kon-Popovska) and CEEnet member (Prof Oliver
    Popov)
  • No GEANT link but would connect to SEEREN
  • Academic network
  • MARNET no known URL, but see
    www.ceenet.org/Macedonia.html
  • Present international connectivity probably 3
    Mbps (1 Mbps via Macedonian Telecom and 2 Mbps
    via Soros Open Society Institute)
  • Cost of telecoms is very very high
    (monopoly-like)
  • Overall networking extremely difficult

36
Surrounding countriesGreece, Turkey, Hungary
37
Greece
  • Has played a major role in SEE network
    development
  • People in SEEurope find the prices of the
    dominant regional carrier (OTE, Greek Telecom)
    to be very high presumably there is not much
    competition
  • EU, CERN and TERENA member
  • GEANT link GRNET has a 1.2 Gbps connection to
    the Athens PoP, which is dual connected to the
    core at 622 Mbps.
  • Academic network
  • GRNET See www.grnet.gr/index_en.html
  • Good advanced work on optical networking
  • Overall networking excellent

38
Hungary
  • Important partner in SEEREN
  • EU accession state, CERN and TERENA member
  • Important GEANT node HUNGARNET has a 2.5 Gbps
    access speed to the Budapest PoP, which is dual
    connected to the core at 2.5 Gbps, and connects
    at lower speed links to Croatia (622), and
    Romania and Slovenia.
  • Academic network
  • HUNGARNET See www.hungarnet.hu/indexeng.html
  • Les Cottrells monitoring always shows rather
    heavy congestion on many routes but unclear to
    me where that comes from
  • Overall networking reasonable?

39
Turkey
  • EU candidate - europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/turk
    ey/
  • CERN observer
  • TERENA member
  • No GEANT link
  • Academic network
  • ULAKBIM See www.ulakbim.gov.tr/english/
  • High telecoms costs act as brake on faster
    progress?
  • Overall networking overloaded?
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