Towards%20Political%20Feasibility%20%20Burden-sharing%20Rules%20for%20Stabilizing%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Concentrations%20from%20an%20Equity%20Perspective - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Title: Towards%20Political%20Feasibility%20%20Burden-sharing%20Rules%20for%20Stabilizing%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Concentrations%20from%20an%20Equity%20Perspective


1
Towards Political Feasibility Burden-sharing
Rules for Stabilizing Greenhouse Gas
Concentrations from an Equity Perspective
Asami Miketa and Leo Schrattenholzer Environmenta
lly Compatible Energy Strategies
(ECS) International Institute for Applied Systems
Analysis (IIASA) www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/ECS
Annual IEW Meeting, RITE, Kyoto, 5-7 July 2005
2
Equity in the UNFCCC
  • Parties should act to protect the climate system
    on the basis of equity and in accordance with
    their common but differentiated responsibilities
    and respective capabilities (Article 3,
    Principles).

3
Three Equity PrinciplesQualitative definitions
Egalitarian equity Equal rights for all human
beings irrespective of their socioeconomic status
(Rose, 1992). Horizontal equity Everyone makes
an equal effort (Rose, 1992). Proportional
(sovereignty) equality Social position is the
factor that structures distribution because the
function occupied by an individual in society is
supposed to correspond to the value of this
individuals work for that society. Based on
Aristotle (people are unequal and are therefore
treated unequally) as quoted by Blanchard et
al., 2001).
4
Three Equity PrinciplesQuantitative indicators
Emission entitlement per capita (egalitarian
equity) Emission entitlement per GDP (horizontal
equity) Emission entitlements in terms of
percentage change relative to a base year, here
1990 (proportional equality)
5
Two Burden-Sharing Rules
Convergence to equal emissions per capita, here
1.08 tC/year Convergence to equal carbon
intensity of GDP, here 83.6gC/US90
(83.6tC/million US90)
6
One Common Stabilization Scenario MERGE-B2S550KP
7
Emission Entitlements, MtCEqual emissions per
capita approach
8
Emission Entitlements, MtCCarbon intensity
approach
9
Egalitarian Equity Emissions per capita, tC/yr,
two burden-sharing rules
Carbon intensity approach
Equal emissions per capita approach
10
Horizontal Equity Emissions per GDP, gC/US90,
two burden-sharing rules
Carbon intensity approach
Equal emissions per capita approach
11
Proportional Equality Relative emissions,
1990100, two burden-sharing rules
Carbon intensity approach
Equal emissions per capita approach
12
Comparison with BAU Emissions
13
Fractions of BAU EmissionsCumulative
entitlements under two rules as fractions of
cumulative BAU emissions
14
Variables in Burden-Sharing Rules
  • How to define and quantify effort
  • Hot air
  • Thresholds of wealth
  • Date of convergence

15
Summary and Conclusions
  • For some countries, e.g. China, the differences
    between the allocations (according to the
    different rules) turn out smaller than expected,
    at least later
  • Big differences between burden-sharing rules may
    need parameterization to be useful for
    negotiators
  • Combination of different equity aspects seems
    necessary to achieve political agreement
  • Further analysis of the burden requires a model
    to assess the economic consequences of
    implementing the rules

16
References
Klaassen G, Miketa A, and Zhu B, 2003, Outcome
equity of burden sharing rules for stabilizing
greenhouse gas concentrations, paper presented
at the 12th annual EAERE conference, Bilbao, June
28-30, 2002. Manne AS, Richels RG, 2004, MERGE
An Integrated Assessment Model for Global Climate
Change, Stanford University and EPRI,
http//www.stanford.edu/group/MERGE/GERAD1.pdf. Mi
keta A, Schrattenholzer L, 2004, Burden-sharing
rules for stabilizing greenhouse-gas
concentrations and their equity implications,
Energy Policy, http//www.sciencedirect.com/scienc
e. Miketa A, Schrattenholzer L, 2004,
Burden-sharing rules for stabilizing
greenhouse-gas concentrations and their equity
implications, (long version), http//www.iiasa.ac
.at/cgi-bin/pubsrch?IR04057.
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