Environment integration in EC development co-operation Approaches for the programming phase

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Environment integration in EC development
co-operationApproaches for the programming phase

• Jean-Paul Ledant (HDE)
• Help Desk Environment
• hde_at_environment-integration.org
• www.environment-integration.org

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The Help Desk Environment

• A team of 3 consultants (contract EC-Agreco/MDF)
  
• J. Palerm,
• P. Brinn,
• J.P. Ledant.
• Role providing methodological support (and
  training) to EC staff and partners for
  environmental mainstreaming in development
  co-operation.
• Geographical area
• Africa, Indian ocean
• Asia, Pacific
• Latin America, Caribbean
• (not ENP countries!)

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The overall objective Sustainable Development,
through
Objectives
Indicators
HDI HDI/CO2 HDI/footprint Adjusted Net Saving

• Increased human well-being (poverty alleviation)
• Development decoupled from environmental
  pressures
• Net accumulation of capital including natural
  capital.

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The overall approach

• Environment integration is not a goal, but a
  means.
• The links between a development action and the
  environment are reciprocal
• Relevant decisions and actions are more important
  than visibility and the use of environmental
  tools.
• The HDE proposes systematic environmental
  integration in the operation cycle.

Project
Env.
Impacts
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The main tools for environmental integration

• Three environmental tools
• Country Environmental Profile (CEP).
• Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA).
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
• Other important tools
• Problem Analysis and Logical Framework
• Indicators
• Evaluation criteria.

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The Cycle of Operations
Programming
1. Identification
4. Evaluation
3. Implementation
2. Formulation
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There are three approaches for the steps after
programming
Programming
Macro- Economic Approach GBS
Sector Wide Approach SPSP
Project approach
So the environment should be integrated in four
compartments
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Position of the 3 environmental tools in the 4
compartments
Programming
CEP
GBS
SWAP
Projects
SEA
SEA
EIA
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Programming (at country level)

• Key Programming Paper CSP-NIP.
• Key Environmental Tool CEP (Country
  Environmental Profile).
• Process
• Prepare the CEP
• Prepare the CSP

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Programming Documents

• Country Strategy Paper (CSP)
• Analysis Political, Economic, Social,
  Environmental
• Policy agenda
• Past and on-going co-operation
• Response strategy
• Annexes
• National Indicative Programme (NIP)
• Indicative budget
• Priorities and actions
• Alignment and harmonisation
• Annexes

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Country Environmental Profile

• Aims to identify and assess environmental
  issues for consideration during the preparation
  of a CSP

• Identifies the main environmental challenges,
• Establishes the key linkages between the
  environment and the economic/social situation,
• Revises national policies and institutions, as
  well as co-operation,
• Contributes to focusing dialogue with the
  country on areas of concern including sustainable
  development,
• Provides baseline information and key
  recommendations for the CSP-NIP
• But not a technical thesis

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CEP Overall Structure

• Summary
• State of the environment
• Environmental policy, legislative and
  institutional framework
• EU and other donor cooperation from an
  environmental perspective
• Conclusions and recommendations
• Appendices

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The CEP and CSP-NIP (1)

• Country Strategy Paper (CSP)
• Analysis- Political, Economic, Social,
  Environmental
• Policy agenda
• Past on-going co-operation
• Response strategy
• Annexes (incl. summary CEP)
• National Indicative Programme (NIP)
• Indicative budget
• Priorities and actions
• Alignment and harmonisation
• Annexes

• CEP
• Summary
• State of the environment
• Environmental policy, legislative and
  institutional framework
• EU and other donor cooperation from an
  environmental perspective
• Conclusions and recommendations
• Annexes

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The CEP and CSP-NIP (2)

• Country Strategy Paper (CSP)
• Analysis- Political, Economic, Social,
  Environmental
• Policy agenda
• Past on-going co-operation
• Response strategy
• Annexes (incl. summary CEP)
• National Indicative Programme (NIP)
• Indicative budget
• Priorities and actions
• Alignment and harmonisation
• Annexes

• CEP
• Summary
• State of the environment
• Environmental policy, legislative and
  institutional framework
• EU and other donor cooperation from an
  environmental perspective
• Conclusions and recommendations
• Appendices

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The CEP and CSP-NIP (3)

• CEP
• Summary
• State of the environment
• Environmental policy, legislative and
  institutional framework
• EU and other donor cooperation from an
  environmental perspective
• Conclusions and recommendations
• Annexes

• Country Strategy Paper (CSP)
• Analysis- Political, Economic, Social,
  Environmental
• Policy agenda
• Past on-going co-operation
• Response strategy
• Annexes (incl. summary CEP)
• National Indicative Programme (NIP)
• Indicative budget
• Priorities and actions
• Alignment and harmonisation
• Annexes

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Environmental integration in the CSP-NIP
CEP
EC policy
Partners policy
Country analysis
NIP
CSP
Which environmental integration outcomes?
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Potential outcomes(from environmental
integration)

• Selection of focal areas
• Selection of objectives addressing key issues for
  sustainable development (including environmental
  issues identified by the CEP)
• Selection of strategies and actions minimizing
  adverse impacts and enhancing positive impacts
• Planning an SEA for the supported sector
  policies/programmes
• Using additional opportunities for environmental
  integration
• Selection of relevant indicators.

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Links between those outcomes and the CEP

• Ideally the CEP should make recommendations
  towards those potential outcomes.
• But the CEP should also be done at an early
  stage, where key decisions are not taken.
  Additional aspects, not foreseen in the CEP may
  include
• Using opportunities provided by the selected
  sector and strategy
• Adapting the indicators.

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In the new consensus on development co-operation,
there are 10 focal areas

• Governance, democracy, human rights and support
  to economic or institutional reforms
• Trade and regional integration
• Infrastructure, communication and transport
• Water and energy
• Social cohesion and employment
• Human development
• Infrastructure and transport
• Rural development, territorial planning,
  agriculture, food security
• Environment and sustainable management of natural
  resources
• Conflict prevention and state fragility

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Examples of opportunities for co-operation areas

• Governance and economic or institutional reforms
• Environmental Fiscal Reforms.
• Capacities and institutions for natural resource
  management.
• Trade and regional integration
• Control of illegal trade of timber (FLEGT) and
  threatened species.
• Human development
• Health living conditions, (equitable) use of
  biodiversity resources.
• Education Environmental education.
• Infrastructure and transport
• Assessing the overall policy (through an SEA)
  before deciding to build roads.
• Rural development, food security
• Protecting ecosystem services.

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Environmental integration outcomesExample 1

• Promotion of agriculture and fisheries
• Assessing impact of agriculture on the
  environment
• Use of water efficient irrigation schemes
• Sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources

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Environmental integration outcomesExample 2

• Focal sector education
• Promoting environmental education
• Focal sector trade and investment
• Ecolabelling and certification processes
• Improvement of environmental standards
• Energy efficiency and renewable technologies
• Focal sector law enforcement and justice
• Actions to fight illegal logging

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The indicators

• Indicators are variables used to monitor the
  achievement of an objective (expected result).
• They depend thus on the objectives.
• There should not be too many indicators.
• For those reasons, adding environmental
  indicators is not always recommended.
• But we should avoid indicators having both a
  positive (desirable) side and a negative
  (undesirable) side.

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The indicators
Ex imported agricultural inputs

• Avoid ambiguous variables
• selected because positively linked with desired
  (socio-economic) aspects
• but also linked to undesirable (environmental)
  aspects

or
Prefer
Ex higher yields/unit of fertilizer
Ex less starving children
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Programming at regional level

• The same approach, but
• RSP (replaces CSP)
• RIP (replaces NIP)
• REP (replaces CEP)

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The current practice

• CEPs are now systematically prepared (very few in
  the previous generation of CSP- 2002-2006 or
  2003-2007).
• CSPs have now a section on the environment (part
  of the country analysis).
• Effective environmental integration and
  contribution to sustainable development since to
  be enhanced.