GOES R AMS 2005

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Understanding the Space Environment with GOES-R
Solar and Space Environment Data
S. M. Hill, H. J. Singer, T. Onsager, R. Viereck,
and D. Biesecker NOAA Space Environment Center

• Outline
• GOES Space Environment Monitor (SEM)
  Instrument Overview, Status, and Plans
• GOES Contributions to Climatology and Physical
  Understanding of the Space Environment
• Coordination with the Research Community

AMS Meeting San Antonio, TX January 16, 2007
Background Photo GOES Solar X-ray Image
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GOES-R

• Research Eruptive phenomena at the Sun that
  drives space weather at Earth, e.g., filament
  eruptions, coronal mass ejections, flares.
• GOES Project Lead at SEC Manage SECs GOES
  activities across three spacecraft series (8-12,
  13/OP, and R/S) including operations and data
  validation, instrument development and on-orbit
  testing, ground system development, and
  requirements planning and management.
• Solar X-ray Imager Responsible Scientist
  Responsible for conducting and stimulating
  research on coronal physics and remote sensing
  systems, fostering expanded utilization of those
  systems locally and globally, and assisting in
  the evolution of the NOAA geostationary satellite
  space weather holdings.
• Ph.D. University of Colorado Astrophysical,
  Planetary, and Atmospheric Sciences

Steven Hill Physicist NOAA/NWS/NCEP/SEC
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Understanding the Space Environment with GOES-R
Solar and Space Environment Data
S. M. Hill, H. J. Singer, T. Onsager, R. Viereck,
and D. Biesecker NOAA Space Environment Center

• Outline
• GOES Space Environment Monitor (SEM)
  Instrument Overview, Status, and Plans
• GOES Contributions to Climatology and Physical
  Understanding of the Space Environment
• Coordination with the Research Community

AMS Meeting San Antonio, TX January 16, 2007
Background Photo GOES Solar X-ray Image
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Contact Information Dr. Steven M Hill GOES
Lead NOAA Space Environment Center 325
Broadway Boulder, CO 80305 303-497-3283 steven.hi
ll_at_noaa.gov
Background GOES Solar X-ray Image
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Monitor, Measure and SpecifyData for Space
Weather Research

• Ground Sites
• Magnetometers (NOAA/USGS)
• Thule Riometer and Neutron monitor (USAF)
• SOON Sites (USAF)
• RSTN (USAF)
• Telescopes and Magnetographs
• Ionosondes (AF, ISES, )
• GPS (CORS)

• SOHO (ESA/NASA)
• Solar EUV Images
• Solar Corona (CMEs)

ESA/NASA SOHO

• ACE (NASA)
• Solar wind speed, density, temperature and
  energetic particles
• Magnetic field strength and direction

L1
NASA ACE
NOAA GOES
NOAA POES

• GOES (NOAA)
• Energetic Particles
• Magnetic Field
• Solar X-ray Flux
• Solar EUV Flux
• Solar X-Ray Images

GOES Measurements Unique and Crucial

• POES (NOAA)
• High Energy Particles
• Total Energy Deposition
• Solar UV Flux

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Space Weather in Context
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NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental
Satellite (GOES)
Space Weather Instrumentation on Current GOES
(8-12, 13-O/P)

• Space Environment Monitor (SEM)
• Energetic Particle Sensor (EPS)
• Magnetometer (MAG)
• X-Ray Sensor (XRS)
• Solar X-ray Imager (SXI)
• First on GOES 12
• Extreme Ultraviolet Sensor (EUVS)
• First on GOES 13

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NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental
Satellite (GOES)
Space Weather Instrumentation on GOES R

• Space Environment In-Situ Suite (SEISS)
• Monitors solar, galactic and in situ electron,
  proton, and alpha particle fluxes
• Medium energy electrons and protons begin on GOES
  13
• Low energy electrons and protons begin on GOES R
• Heavy Ions begin on GOES-R
• Completed formulation implementation phase in
  source selection
• Magnetometer (MAG)
• Monitors Earths time-varying vector magnetic
  field
• Included in spacecraft formulation
• Extreme Ultraviolet and X-ray Irradiance Suite
  (EXIS)
• X-Ray Sensor (XRS) monitors whole-Sun X-ray
  irradiance in two bands
• EUV Sensor (EUVS) monitors whole-Sun EUV
  irradiance in five bands - improved for GOES R
• Solar Ultraviolet Imager (SUVI)
• Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) monitors solar flares,
  coronal holes, active regions - first on GOES 12
• New spectral bands for GOES R

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The following viewgraphs provide a survey of GOES
contributions to understanding the physics and
climatology of the space environment
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GOES Magnetometer Data Needed for Space Weather
Models
The geosynchronous magnetic field is a sensitive
indicator of the state of the magnetosphere and
solar-terrestrial interactions. It is used to
validate models and eventually may be assimilated
into models. It will be vital for models run in
operations.
CISM Huang et al.
U. Mich. Gombosi et al.
U. Of Michigan (Gombosi et al.)
UNH Raeder et al.
Multiple groups of MHD modelers rely on the GOES
magnetic field data for validating their models.
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SEISS Research Contributions
FAA Solar Radiation Alert Oct. 28, 2003
CRRES Electron Radiation Model
AF-Geospace, Courtesy of Greg Ginet, AFRL

• SEISS improves our understanding of
• Source and loss processes that control the
  dynamics of the electron radiation belt
• Spectral characteristics of solar energetic
  particles and their penetration to orbiting
  satellites, astronauts, and airlines
• Energy coupling from the solar wind to the
  magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere system

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EXIS Research Contributions I
GOES 13

• Solar EUV is one of largest contributors to
  thermospheric variability
• Scientists have relied on proxies for inputs to
  atmospheric models such as GAIM (Shunk et al.),
  CTIM (Fuller-Rowell et al.), and GCM/TIGCM (Robel
  et al.)
• EXIS data will provide significant improvement to
  specification and forecast models of the
  thermosphere and ionosphere
• GOES R will continue and extend the EUV record
  started by GOES 13

Ionosphere Changes in the electron density
affect radio communications and navigation
Ionosphere
Radio Receiver
Thermosphere Changes in the neutral density
affect satellite drag and orbits
Radio Transmitter
Hubble
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EXIS Research Contributions II

• XRS observations continue and extend
• Flare temperature measurements that provide key
  information related to proton event prediction
  research (Balch et al., 2006)
• Long term background measurements over the past
  30 years that provide a metric of solar activity
  cycles for space weather climatology

Proton Probability Using X-ray Temperature Data
from GOES
GOES X-ray Background Climatology and Solar Cycle
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SUVI Research Contributions
Coronal Hole
Active Region
Filament Channel

• SUVI (Solar Ultraviolet Imager) will provide
• Improved observations of coronal waves and
  dimmings (Biesecker et al.), crucial to the
  physics of solar eruptions that drive space
  weather at Earth
• GOES 13 SXI has already provided the best
  observations of a coronal wave and demonstrated
  its 3-D morphology and shock nature

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Coronal Mass Ejections

• Continue observations of Coronal Mass Ejections
  NASA began in 1996 with SOHO and continued with
  STEREO
• NASA has no plans to continue these observations
• No new science to be had but the forecast
  utility has been demonstrated
• Critical for input to next generation of
  predictive models

• Parameterized CME observations are planned inputs
  to predictive models
• Geomagnetic storms (G scale)
• Odstrcil et al (CIRES/NOAA)
• ENLIL model
• Solar energetic particles (S scale)
• Luhmann et al (UC Berkeley)

ENLIL Model of CME (Odstricil et al.)
Xie et al. Cone Model of CME
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GOES Observations Support Space Climatology
Sunspots and gtM5 Flares 1975-2006

• GOES provides global measurements from the Sun
  to near-Earth space
• Observations provide integrated observations of
  key space weather phenomenology
• Long term nature of observations provide a record
  of storm seasons and climatology

Sunspots and gt10MeV Proton Events 1975-2006
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NOAA Space Weather Program Coordination and the
Research Community

• National Space Weather Program Interagency
  coordination of Space Weather observation,
  modeling, research, and education
• Data dissemination and international community
  collaboration
• National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) data
  archive
• NASA National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC)
• NASAs Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb)
• Used in numerous peer reviewed publications
  worldwide
• Modeling
• Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling
  (CISM)
• Coordinated Community Modeling Center (CCMC)
• Space weather modeling frameworks being developed
  by CISM and at UM

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Summary

• GOES R will continue and extend space environment
  measurements begun over thirty years ago
• These observations are critical for developing,
  driving, and validating models
• GOES data in conjunction with POES and with
  non-NOAA satellite measurements will continue to
  drive our understanding of the space environment