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English Colonization of North America

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English colony established but mysteriously disappears when a supply ship ... Sets up a legislature (House of Burgesses) ... New Jersey becomes a united colony in 1702 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: English Colonization of North America


1
English Colonization of North America
  • It all started in Virginia

2
Here come the English
  • 1590 Roanoke, Virginia.
  • War with Spain
  • English more interested in permanent settlements

3
What did the English want?
  • Needed a base
  • Northwest Passage
  • New markets
  • Over population needed relief

4
Jamestown
  • Businessmen got a charter to establish a new
    colony joint-stock company
  • Virginia Company
  • Other companies followed
  • Hudson Bay Company (still exists)
  • Jamestown
  • What else was King James I famous for?

5
Settlers hardships
  • Conflict with Native Americans
  • Unrealistic expectations
  • Location
  • Starvation
  • Poor leadership

6
Yet still they come
  • Virginia is Paradise!
  • Poor management
  • King takes it over personally and makes Virginia
    a royal colony

7
Democracy born in Virginiasort of
  • King appoints a royal governor
  • Sets up a legislature (House of Burgesses)
  • Burgesses were representatives of different parts
    of the colony
  • First example of self-rule in the English colonies

8
Tobacco
  • 1614 arrives in England
  • Became wildly popular (and addictive!)
  • In 1616 Virginia sent 2500 pounds
  • By 1640 3 million pounds
  • Plantations spread up the rivers from the coast,
    north of Jamestown

9
Land hungry
  • 50 acres Headright system
  • In England, cattle a bigger money maker
  • Kicked farmers off the land
  • Where to go?

10
Indentured servants
  • Poor farmers
  • How to get to Virginia from England?
  • Had to work for years in Virginia to pay off the
    debt
  • 150,000 were indentured servants in Virginia and
    Maryland in the 1600s
  • First Africans in America - 1619

11
English had a bad attitude
  • Ireland, for example
  • English looked down on Irish
  • Spanish took a different view
  • English kept true to form conquer and enslave

12
Bacons rebellion
  • Freed indentured servants rebel
  • Local leader (Bacon) led armed farmers against
    Natives
  • Virginia government unhappy
  • Why?
  • Bacon labeled a rebel
  • Almost won
  • Why does this matter? - POWER

13
And here come the French
  • Focused on what is now Canada
  • Verrazano
  • Cartier
  • Champlain
  • And what did they want most?
  • Fur trade, not conquering the natives
  • New France
  • Disease

14
Northern Colonies
  • North, Middle, South
  • Each had very different colonial experiences
  • Not at all united viewed themselves as
    independent from one another
  • Set the groundwork for conflict with England

15
Plymouth Colony
  • French in Quebec
  • English in Jamestown
  • More English go north and settle what becomes
    known as New England
  • Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New
    Hampshire, Vermont
  • Plymouth, Massachusetts was first

16
Puritans
  • Religious dissidents in England
  • Even though England was no longer Catholic, some
    felt England was too liberal and wanted to
    leave
  • Puritans called this because they wanted a purer
    form of Christianity
  • North America beckons

17
Mayflower
  • A bunch decide to set sail
  • Mayflower Compact (p. 51)
  • This set the tone for self-government in the
    colonies
  • William Bradford was one of the writers
  • Elected governor 30 times from 1621 to 1656
  • Wrote History of Plimouth Plantation

18
Tough living in New England
  • Like Jamestown, conditions were awful
  • Native Americans helped feed colonists
  • First Thanksgiving in 1621 celebrated the help
    from the Natives and the fact that colonists
    could feed themselves

19
Massachusetts Bay Colony
  • 1630 another group from England sets sail for
    North America, lands north of Plymouth
  • By 1643, 20000 people lived in the colony
  • All Puritans
  • Converted some Natives
  • Winthrop activity

20
Not everything was perfect in Puritan-land
  • Salem witch trials 1692
  • 20 men and women executed after being found
    guilty of dealing with the devil
  • Probably reflective of fears of change
  • Revolution was happening back home in England and
    colonists feared it would come to New England

21
More problems
  • Dissent
  • Roger Williams leaves Mass Bay Colony to found
    Rhode Island
  • Argued that land could only be purchased directly
    from Native Americans, not awarded by the King
  • Also believed in true religious tolerance
  • Anne Hutchinson also argued for religious freedom
    and was banished from Massachusetts
  • Conflict with Native Americans over English
    desire to own land

22
Dutch in New York
  • 1621 Dutch investors created the Dutch West India
    Company
  • Similar to other companies (what were they?)
  • 1625 New Amsterdam is founded on present-day
    Manhattan Island
  • Less interested in colonies than in trade with
    Native Americans
  • Immediately became a big trade center for all
    Europeans in the New World

23
England takes over
  • English sent a fleet to New York to seize it in
    1664
  • New Amsterdam surrenders immediately and is
    renamed New York
  • All Dutch lands inland from New York become
    English
  • Owned by the Duke of York, much like Virginia was
    controlled by the King

24
Other middle colonies
  • New Jersey becomes a united colony in 1702
  • William Penn receives land in exchange for debt
    owed to his father by the King
  • Penn wanted a colony of religious tolerance
  • Pennsylvania (Penns Woods is founded)
  • Settlers were mostly Quakers
  • Quakers believed all men were truly created equal
  • Delaware settled by Swedes
  • New Sweden (1638 to 1682) taken by Dutch, then
    English, becomes Delaware in 1702

25
Southern colonies
  • Virginia was first
  • Maryland settled by Catholics who were
    persecuted in England in 1634
  • Puritans settled there too, and outnumbered
    Catholics, forcing a law protecting all Christian
    groups (non-Christians could be put to death!)
  • Like Virginia, tobacco was a popular and
    lucrative crop
  • Any people who came to Maryland from Africa were
    automatically given the status of slaves

26
Southern colonies
  • Carolina also tobacco oriented
  • Split into North and South
  • Thrived on trade with Native Americans
  • Georgia run by trustees (as a business)
  • Oglethorpe, the founder, wanted a home for
    debtors
  • King wanted defenses against Spanish colony of
    Florida

27
Georgia
  • Strict rules
  • No alcohol
  • No slaves
  • No Catholics
  • Laws relaxed and became a royal colony in 1752
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