Title: Developing M-learning Pedagogical and Design Perspectives
1Developing M-learning Pedagogical and Design
Perspectives
- Mike Sharples
- Kodak/Royal Academy of Engineering
- Educational Technology Research Group
- University of Birmingham
2An Alternative History of Computers and Education
- Imagine having your own self-contained knowledge
manipulator in a portable package the size and
shape of an ordinary notebook. Suppose it had
enough power to outrace your senses of sight and
hearing, enough capacity to store for later
retrieval thousands of page-equivalents of
reference material, poems, letters, recipes,
records, drawings, animations, musical scores,
waveforms, dynamic simulations, and anything else
you would like to remember and change
Alan Kay
3The Dynabook
the Dynabook is now within reach of current
technology. Alan Kay 1976
Learning Research GroupXerox Palo Alto Research
Centre
4Ingredients of a Dynabook
- Handheld multimedia hardware
- Object-oriented software
- Wireless communications
- Personal mobile learning
5Evolution of Hardware, Software and Communications
1970s
Arpanet Ethernet
1980s
Xerox Star Apple Lisa Apple Macintosh
TCP/IP Analog cellular radio
C
Worldwide web Digital cellular radio Wireless LAN
Windows PCs Laptop PCs PDAs
1990s
Java
2000s
Wireless PDAs
CORBA
Bluetooth
6Consumer Product
- Multimedia handheld computer
- Digital phone and communicator
- Wireless network
- Under 100
Cybiko
7Evolution of Learning Theory
1970s
1980s
Situated learning Constructivist
learning Collaborative learning
Problem-based learning Lifelong learning
1990s
2000s
Informal learning Contextual learning
8Lifelong Learning
- Train the workforce to adapt to a rapidly
changing world - Empower children and adults to manage, share, and
enjoy their own learning in a variety of contexts
throughout their lifetimes
9Learning Projects
- A typical adult undertakes eight personal
learning projects (lasting seven days or more) in
a year - Computer package, foreign language, sport, home
repair, cooking etc. - Less than 1 are for formal credit
- Tough, 1979
10Informal learningGiasemi Vavoula
- 12 learning intensive adults
- Kept diaries for 4 days
- 118 self-reported learning episodes (2.5 per
person per day) - 58 pre-planned, 42 serendipitous
- 44 alone, 56 with others
33
At work site
Elsewhere
18
22
15
11
11Contextual learning
- Context is not simply a function of time and
place - Also involves
- Trajectory how did I get here? Where am I going?
- Intention what do I want to get out of this
situation? - Negotiation
12Art Gallery Visitor
13 New Technology
- User centred
- Personal
- Networked
- Portable
- Ubiquitous
- Durable
14NewEducation
- Learner centred
- Individualised
- Collaborative
- Situated
- Ubiquitous
- Lifelong
15New Education Technology
- Learner centred
- Individualised
- Collaborative
- Situated
- Ubiquitous
- Lifelong
- User centred
- Personal
- Networked
- Portable
- Ubiquitous
- Durable
16The Challenge
- To design personal learning assistants based on
sound educational design combined with good
engineering
17Technical Issues
- Contextual awareness
- Interaction and interface design
- Handwriting recognition
- Speech recognition
- Weight and battery life
- Seamless integration of high-speed communications
18Learning Issues
- From situated to mobile learning
- Ad hoc collaboration and informal interaction
- Context-aware devices more sophisticated notion
of context - Pervasive learning medium
- Support for learning projects
- Lifelong learning support
- Ownership
- Disruption of classroom learning
19Conclusion
- Designing the technology is (now) fairly
straightforward - Designing and managing the learning is going to
be hard