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English Manuscript Preparation for Technical Journal Publication

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Title: English Manuscript Preparation for Technical Journal Publication


1
English Manuscript Preparation for Technical
Journal Publication
??? (Hua-Kuang Liu) Graduate Institute of
Electro-Optical Engineering Department of
Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University
____________________________________ An
invited talk presented to the IEEE Student
Chapter at the National Taiwan University,
May 11, 2004
2
Importance of Technical Writing
For scientists and engineers-Career success For
technical institutions-Gateway to world
reputation RD Contributions Quantity
Quality Quantity with quality
Leaders or followers
3
Technical Writing Origin Research
Results ThoughtsWords-Sentences-Paragraphs-A
rticle

4
Word Usage
principle versus principal
5
Example
The Principal Investigator of the research
project has discovered the principle of a new
quantum Computer.
6
Word Usage
Other easily mixed word-pairs affect/effect
continual/continuous its/its like/as etc.
Exercise Make sentences using these words.
7
Idiomatic English
Things compared must be comparable. Resonance in
pipes were unlike those in rods.
8
Spelling and Pronunciation
Lead The conductor used a lead rod to lead the
rock band.
Live Live fishes live in the river Logical? No.
9
Document Preparation
I. Constraints and Style
II. Structure Beginning, Middle, and Endings,
Transitions, Details, Depth, and Emphasis
III. Language Precision, Clarity, Etc.
IV. Illustration Right Choices Best Designs
10
Constraints and Style
Constraints Audience Format Mechanics Politics
Stylistic Tools Structure Language Illustration
11
Audience
Audience is always first!
Audience determines words to define, illustrations
to use, and depth to get into.
12
Efficiency of Writing
Purpose is to inform To communicate the most
amount of information in the least amount of
reading time.
Purpose is to persuade To presents
logical arguments in the most convincing manner.
13
Beginning of Documents
Includes the title, summary, and introduction.
Prepares readers for understanding the
documents middle.
Determines whether the audience will continue
reading the document.
14
Title
The single most important phrase of a document.
15
Summaries
The summary should let the audience decide
whether they want to read the document.
16
Writing Summaries
Descriptive tells what kind of information
in the document Informative presents actual
results of work
17
Writing Introductions
What exactly is the work? Why is the work
important? What is needed to understand the
work? How will the work be presented?
18
Writing Middles of Document
What happened How it happened Origin of the
work Results of the work The meaning of the
results
19
Endings of Documents
1. Analysis of the key
results from the middle (Do not include new
results) 2. A future perspective of the
work
20
Conclusion Four Cs of Communication
Color Precision, coherence
Clarity Purity, transparence
Carat Substance, importance
Cut Organization, structure, style
21
An ExampleA Preprint Accepted for Publication in
Applied Optics
Holographic Creation of Photonic
Crystals Tzu-Min Yan(1) and Hua-Kuang Liu(2) The
Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering National
Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd.
Taipei, Taiwan, 106 (1) r91941022_at_ntu.edu.tw (2)
hkl_at_cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw
22
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the means of creation
of general photonic crystals via holography with
experimental demonstration. The recordings of
periodic variations of amplitude and phase via
the interference of coherent laser beams in a
hologram offer a natural means for the creation
of one- two- or three-dimensional photonic
crystals1,2.
23
Abstract (Continued)
Based on the principle of the creation of lattice
structure via the interference of four
non-coplanar beams3, we present a comparative
analysis of two different approaches of creating
photonic crystals and use five numerical
simulated lattice structures to illustrate the
differences between these two approaches. We then
used a specific symmetrical optical architecture
and selected the relatively easier approach to
realize the holographic photonic crystals. OCIS
code 220.4000, 220.4610, 090.2880, 090.7330
24
Body of the Manuscript
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Theoretical Analysis
  • Approach A Derive primitive lattice constants
    of a photonic crystal from physically realizable
    predetermined laser wave vectors wavelength
  • Approach B Determine the four wavevectors and
    laser wavelength from primitive lattice constants
    of a specific photonic crystal
  • Comparison
  • 6. Experiment
  • 7. Discussion and Conclusion
  • Acknowledgement
  • Figure Captions, List of Tables, and References

25
Discussion and Conclusion
We have described an interesting approach with
experiments of using holography to create general
photonic crystals which are not specifically
targeted at certain crystal structures. We have
presented a comparative analysis of two different
holographic approaches of creating photonic
crystals. Approach A is to derive primitive
lattice constants of a photonic crystal from
physically realizable predetermined wavevectors
and laser wavelength. Approach B is to determine
the four wavevectors and laser wavelength from
known primitive lattice constants of a specific
photonic crystal. In the analysis, four
non-coplanar beams are assumed for the formation
of interference pattern of the photonic crystals.
26
Discussion and Conclusion (Contd)
We have used five numerical examples to
illustrate the creation of crystal. We have shown
that approach A is practical in realizing an
infinite number of photonic crystals with no
specific names approach B may be used to make
specific photonic crystals but is more difficult
to realize due to experimental limitations. From
this comparison, we conclude that approach A may
be adopted to create the photonic crystals in
general if a convenient optical architecture can
be found to realize the process. We have found
such architecture and presented experimental
results of 2D and 3D photonic crystals created in
the optical system.
27
Discussion and Conclusion (Contd)
From the experiments, we have found that the
optical system used has several advantages and
constraints. The advantages include single-step
process and flexibility in the selection of
lasers and recording media for various photonic
crystals. Since the optical system is
symmetrical, the beams are approximately of the
same path length, there is no stringent
requirement on the coherence length of the laser
source. This implies that we can essentially use
almost any laser source to create the photonic
crystals. And this further means that we can make
photonic crystals using long or short wavelength
lasers and create photonic crystals on different
materials for different refractive index
contrast. The laser diode that we used has a
very long coherent length of over 2 meters. But
this is not really necessary. A pulsed laser
with a coherent length of a few centimeters may
also be used.
28
Discussion and Conclusion (Contd)
There are several constraints. Though it
seems that we can make an infinite number of
photonic crystals, yet we can not make all kinds
of photonic crystals due to the restriction of
the geometrical configuration of the
architecture. The beams are slightly expanded and
then focused down to a spot of limited size. The
total area and uniformity of the photonic
crystals are limited accordingly. The assumption
of plane wave input of the beams is not totally
valid in the experiment. Also, the assumption of
zero phase angle difference between the beams may
also be affected by the optical components that
the beams traveled through.
29
Discussion and Conclusion (Contd)
Other factors in the experiment include the
polarization and uniformity of the array
generator. The polarization of all the beams is
nearly preserved in this system if we started
with vertically polarized beam and it is not
affected by the optical components in the path of
propagation. The slight non-uniformly of a few
percents across the aperture array will only
affect the contrast of the cells of the photonic
crystals. The quality of the components in the
system may also cause distortions and
non-uniformity. Finally, since the 3D photonic
crystals are produced by oppositely traveling
beams, the substrate of the film must be
transparent to the beam. As a result, the beam
that first goes through the substrate will have
the influence of diffraction which has not been
considered in the theoretical discussions.
30
Discussion and Conclusion (Contd)
Some of the constraints, especially the basic
assumption in the analysis of uniform plane wave
and the zero phase angle difference among the
laser beams may be used to explain the errors
between theoretical and experimental data on the
primitive lattice constants. Nevertheless, based
on the comparison of the experimental results
with the theoretical calculations, we have shown
that the constraints considered above do not
affect the fact that the type of the specific
symmetric system presented is effective in
creating general photonic crystals.
31
A Few Useful Tips (or Tricks)

Choose an appropriate journal. Comply with
format. Write cover letter. Interact with
editor. Revise and respond to reviewers.
32
Categories of Documents
Memos, Letters, E-mails Concept Papers,
Proposals Reports, Journal Articles Job
Search Documents

33
Document Preparation
I. Constraints and Style
II. Structure Beginning, Middle, and Endings,
Transitions, Details, Depth, and Emphasis
III. Language Precision, Clarity, Etc.
IV. Illustration Right Choices Best Designs
34
Feedback from a Former Student
Dear Prof. LiuThe Class I took last semester
from you actually helped me a lot to improve
presentation skills and taught me the correct
attitude to live a rewarding research life.
Thank you so much! An appreciate EE Graduate
student, Ming-Long Wu
35
We are all apprentices of a craft where no one
ever becomes a master -Ernest
Hemingway Nobel Laureate
36
References
The Craft of Scientific Writing, 3rd
Edition by Michael Alley Publisher
Springer-Verlag http//www.springer.ny.com
Communication in Science, 2nd Edition by Vernon
Booth Publisher Cambridge University Press The
MIT Guide to Science and Engineering
Communication by James G. Paradis, Muriel L.
Zimmerman Publisher MIT Press ISBN 0262161427
(March 1, 1997) Effective Technical
Presentations by Mark Tew Silicon Valley
Productions 1513 Brookvale Drive, 1 San Jose, CA
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