LIFE Third Countries Development of Methods and Tools for the Establishment of Good Environmental Pe

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LIFE Third CountriesDevelopment of Methods and
Tools for the Establishment of Good Environmental
Performance in the Tourist Accommodation Sector
in Jordan Implementation of pilot
studiesGREEN-TAS

• Tourism in Jordan
• Actors and Stakeholders in Jordan Tourism
• Some Implications Suggested for Achieving
  Sustainability of Resources and Energy in the
  Hotels of Jordan

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• Tourism has been growing around the world as a
  major source of income and employment to many
  countries, and Jordan is one of them.

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• According to information given by Ministry of
  Tourism and Antiquities for the year 2005, it is
  the Kingdom's largest export sector, its second
  largest private sector employer, and it's second
  highest producer of foreign exchange.
• Tourism contributes more than US800 million to
  Jordans economy and accounts for approximately
  10 of the country's gross domestic product
  (GDP).

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• Tourism has generated 1,021.6 millions in 2005 as
  an income, which is 8.3 more than the value of
  2004, which was 943millions JD.
• About 29,394 jobs were offered as a direct
  employment by tourism sector, which is 24.8 more
  than the 23,544 jobs offered in 2004 all these
  numbers show the importance of tourism to the
  economy of Jordan.

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There are some objectives stated by Jordans
National Tourism Strategy 2004-2010, these can be
listed as follows

• Increase tourism receipts from JD570 million in
  2003 to 1.3 billion (US 1.84 billion)
• Increase tourism-supported jobs from 40,791 in
  2003 to 91,719, thus creating over 51,000 jobs.
• Achieve taxation yield to the government of more
  than JD455 million (US637 million)

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There are four guiding principles that lead the
progress of tourism sector in Jordan

• Understanding that tourism is a prime component
  of the Jordanian economy.
• There is a willingness to diversify tourism
  attractions, and transforming them from
  antiquities to that of a general culture base,
  which is a requirement of new forms of tourism
  becoming so familiar around the world.
• Positive and sustainable conservation of
  different resources.
• Maximizing the complementary nature of both
  governmental and private sectors.

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There are many strengths and opportunities that
contribute to the fast growth of tourism sector
in Jordan

• The availability (even partially) of
  infrastructure and potential.
• The fact that tourism contributes to a
  significant amount of the GDP of Jordan.
• Tourism has been and is still acting as a major
  earner of hard currencies and contributes to
  Government and revenues and the national balance
  of payments.

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• The great diversity of natural and cultural
  resources and destination in Jordan
• Natural Resources these include areas of
  significant land/seascapes, these include Aqaba,
  Wadi Rum and natural reserves spreading in many
  regions.
• Cultural Resources these include mainly
  archaeological/historical sites, shopping and
  galleries, events, and handcrafts.
• Therapeutic Resources these are composed of the
  Dead Sea and some locations where waterfall and
  hot springs are found.

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• Being distributed over a wide range of sites,
  including urban, rural and remote areas.

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• Tourism requires a wide variety of professional,
  technical, craft and operative staff, indicating
  then a big number of jobs opening and a good
  source of income for different segments in the
  society.
• Tourism encourages the sustainability of some
  basic cultural aspects as traditions and
  handcrafts

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• The fact that Royal Family of Jordan is well
  known all over the world, and it has its wide
  range of international participation, which will
  eventually give a positive image for the country.

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• The good climate with high possibility to provide
  destinations that will fulfill the needs of
  different markets of visitors all around the
  year.
• The friendly population and their great sense of
  hospitality.

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• The high level of security and safety if compared
  to some other countries in the region, which are
  severely suffering from political instability.
• Although of the small area of the country (89,342
  sq.km), it has an acceptable system of
  transportation facilities.
• The availability of many accommodations and
  facilities types, as restaurants, travel
  agencies, transportation countries, guiding staff
  and other services.
• The existing of unique and only of their kinds
  destinations, as Dead Sea, Petra, Jesus Baptism
  Site, the Mosaic Map of Madaba, and many others.
• The availability of health and wellness sites as
  hot springs and Dead Sea.

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There are some main problems and threats
regarding tourism development in Jordan

• The unawareness by a big segment in the Jordanian
  society about the importance of tourism and its
  activities.
• The lack of inclusion of Jordan within tour
  operators catalogues it has been treated as an
  extension of neighboring countries regarding tour
  packages and trade.
• The lack of facilities in many sites and
  destinations, and if existed, there is an
  inadequate distribution of them.
• The lack of promotional campaigns and marketing
  representatives abroad.

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• The high cost of domestic tourism, especially
  with the low income of a considerable segment in
  the Jordanian society.
• The weak organizational structure for many
  frameworks involved in tourism development with
  lack of funding.
• Problems in training staff and employees,
  especially when it comes to some services and
  sustainability of resources.

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Regarding the growth and progress of tourism in
Jordan, some measurements and indicators can be
presented here

• Number of Arrivals and Average Length of Stay
• The Profiles of Visitors
• Numbers of Visitors to Main Destinations
• Numbers of Facilities and Services Locations
  (General Description for Accommodations)
• Employees Numbers and Characteristics
• Accommodation Sector in Jordan (More Detailed)

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Table 2 Some Details about the Hotels in Jordan
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Issues to be Considered

• Unfortunately, there is either a decline or a
  slight increase in visitation by locals in many
  sites, which reflects the problem of low public
  awareness about tourism activities and
  destinations of the country.
• Females mainly work at hotels (962 employees),
  tourists restaurants (872 employees) and travel
  agencies. They were not found in tour guiding
  service in the records of 2005. Add to this a
  restricted presence in some services this can be
  seen in diving centers (4 employees) and water
  sports (1 employee only).

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• Employees working in tourism services are mostly
  distributed in Amman (22,108 employees), Aqaba
  (2,316 employees), Petra (1,398 employees), Dead
  Sea (1,135 employees), and Wadi Rum (962
  employees), the rest are distributed over other
  locations, the same can be said about tourism
  services (Mainly hotels).
• Many locations lack the presence of either the
  service or its employees, it becomes important
  then to supply areas with tourism services and to
  train local people to work in them, which will
  enhance living quality in these areas .
• There is an urging need to provide locals with
  affordable types of accommodation in different
  areas.

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• There is an urging need to provide locals with
  affordable types of accommodation in different
  areas.
• There is a need to focus on some markets this
  can be implemented through increasing promotion
  representatives over seas in addition to
  developing web marketing.
• There should be more spread of awareness
  regarding the behavior of visitors in different
  kinds of destinations, an issue that might
  significantly affect growth of tourism in them.

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Stakeholders Involved in Tourism
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• Putting overall policies and plans, coordination
  with different stakeholders regarding
  institutional, organizational and financial
  aspects all are to be conducted by the Ministry
  of Tourism and Antiquities, Ministry of Planning,
  Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of
  Transport and Communication.

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• Transportation and infrastructure construction
  and maintenance are mainly the responsibility of
• Ministry of Public Works and Housing
• Greater Amman Municipality,
• Aqaba and Petra Regional Authorities,
• Jordan Valley Authority
• Municipalities within each governorate,
• Ministry of Transport,
• Private tourism transport companies, Hijaz and
  Aqaba Railway Corporations, Aqaba Port
  Corporation, Arab Bridge Maritime, Civil Aviation
  Authority and Royal Jordanian.

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Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (MOTA)

• Preserve and develop touristic sites (lands,
  buildings and mineral water resorts).
• License and classify touristic professions.
• Facilitate formalities relevant to tourists in
  cooperation with the competent authorities and
  touristic organizations inside and outside the
  Kingdom, and provide them with the recreational
  and care facilities.
• Set up comprehensive and integrated programs for
  touristic publication and execute and supervise
  the same, as well as promote the Kingdom in terms
  of tourism in collaboration with the authorities
  concerned.
• Encourage and organize internal tourism and
  touristic investment, and observe and organize
  touristic programs for this purpose to acquaint
  citizens with the kingdoms landmarks.

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Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (MOTA)

• Arrange to secure manpower and technical
  potential required for touristic professions in
  order to upgrade performance level and efficiency
  of work in these professions in cooperation with
  the competent international and local
  institutions, organizations and bodies.
• Prepare studies and researches dedicated for the
  development and promotion of touristic
  professions.
• Establish colleges and institutions for teaching
  sciences relevant to tourism in pursuance of the
  provisions and requirements of the operative
  higher education law, and organize
  administrative, financial and other affairs
  related to these colleges and institution under
  regulations issued in accordance with the
  provisions of this law and any other observed
  laws.

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• The Department of Antiquities of Jordan (DOA) is
  the official institutional authority mandated by
  law to be responsible for the protection,
  conservation and presentation of antiquities in
  Jordan. 

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Jordan Tourism Board

• This board was established as a marketing
  representative on both local and international
  scales. It aims at achieving the following
• Promoting tourism and increasing its awareness
  and cooperating with the ministry and other
  sectors to achieve this goal.
• Preparing all interpretation and promotion
  methods as brochures, movies, and books regarding
  tourism, as well as distributing and selling
  them. That is in addition to magazines and
  bulletins.
• Preparing marketing and statistical researches
  and studies, and applying them by financing them
  directly or by international and nongovernmental
  organizations.

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• Suggesting projects to improve tourism
  destinations and developing them in Jordan.
• Participating in training human labor in tourism
  business and services.
• Establishing a national information center to
  gather information and data regarding local and
  international tourism.
• Contributing to events and activities related
  tourism as in the case of festivals and
  conferences, as well as national events for what
  relates to the directions and objectives of the
  board.

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• The Jordan Inbound Tour Operators Association
  (JITOA) was established in 2003 to enhance the
  professionalism and profitability of its members
  through effective representation in tourism
  industry and government affairs, education and
  training, and by identifying and meeting the
  needs of inbound tourism.

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• Jordan Hotel Association is a non-profit
  association representing over 400 hotels
  (Classified and Unclassified) throughout Jordan.
  The association was established in 1969 and seeks
  to promote cooperation and good relation among
  proprietors of the hospitality industry, in
  addition to assisting members in maintaining a
  high standard for their establishments to meet
  international standards.

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• Jordan Tour Guides Association (JTA)
• This association was established to supervise and
  improve the career of tour guiding in Jordan
  through the training of its members (guides) and
  providing them with necessary health and social
  rights and insurances.

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• There is a number of Jordanian Universities that
  have established departments of archaeology and
  tourism, these departments have the role of
  teaching these fields of science, as well as
  participating in activities as excavations and
  museum work, some of them operate archaeological
  museums on their campuses to display
  archaeological material, especially what has been
  found in the excavations they conducted.

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• The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature
  is a semi-official body that is responsible for
  several natural reserves that are scattered over
  Jordan.
• The Royal Scientific Society is a national
  institution that conducts research and provides
  services in different technical and business
  fields it has both state and private funding.
  One of its achievements to relate to tourism is
  the work conducted on the architectural heritage
  of the city of Salt, which is a great
  documentation project that aimed getting and
  saving information regarding this heritage,
  especially with the great urbanization movement
  witnessed in the country.

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• The Natural Resources Authority (NRA)
• This authority is a department that belongs
  to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.
  It has conducted highly technical and
  geotechnical studies and geological mapping at
  different locations as Petra and Kerak, there
  were different standard procedures for
  environmental and cultural resources impact
  assessments for feasibility studies and to
  measure effects of any proposed projects on
  different resources, this authority has signed a
  cooperation agreement with the Department of
  Antiquities for such purposes.

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• The Friends of Archaeology
• This is a non-governmental organization and a
  pressure group that aims to build awareness
  regarding the significance of antiquities in
  education and tourism in Jordan, it has over 400
  members including Jordanians and expatriates
  living in Jordan, it runs a program of different
  cultural events.

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• Jordan Environment Society (JES)
• This is an NGO with over 2000 members and over 60
  institutions/companies that are organized into 16
  local branches. This society is responsible for
  environmental education and public awareness,
  which comes through the National Environmental
  Information and Education Program, as well as the
  Water Awareness Program

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• United Nations UNESCO sponsored an integrated
  management plan for an archaeological park in
  Petra, which is responsible now for the
  development and the protection of Petra Site
  (PAP Petra Archaeological Park). The UN
  affiliate, the International Council on Monuments
  and Sites, has designated two sites in Jordan as
  World Heritage Sites these are Petra Qasr 'Amra
  (one of the Umayyad desert castles in Jordan).
• Educational Institutions.
• Transportation Sectors.

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Implications of Sustaining Resources and Energy
in Hotels
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Sustainability and Hotels

• Why Should we consider such issue?
• If sustainability existed, then we will have
• Reduced resource consumption and reduced costs.
• Customer loyalty and enhanced public image.
• Attracting and retaining dedicated staff.
• Avoid sanctions from environmental authorities.
• Improve competitiveness in the world markets.
• Long-term business benefits.

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Factors Affecting the Environmental Impacts
Consumption of Energy in Hotels

• (a) Facility Characteristics including
• Type of facility urban hotels, vocational
  villages, restaurants, etc,
• Facility category (1-5 stars), and size (number
  of guest rooms) and the facility area.
• (b) The facility site, the location of the
  tourist facility mainly affects
• Climatic conditions, consequently the peak
  load time and the level of energy consumption
  particularly for space climatization, and water
  heating. It also affects the types of the
  available energy supply options on or nearby the
  site.

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• (c) The facility zoning areas, a hotel can be
  divided to three distinct zones all serving
  distinctly different purposes and utilizing
  different forms and level of energy.

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By looking at these factors, it can be indicated
that improving environmental performance and
energy consumption may become achievable through
three main approaches, these are

• Services and facilities.
• Design.
• Management and Training of Staff.
• Other Approaches as Monitoring and Sub Meters.

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Facilities and Services

• One of the main problems facing some hotels in
  Jordan is the high consumption of energy caused
  by HVAC systems and lighting, this is due to the
  lack of insulation techniques as well as the lack
  of sensors sensitive to the presence of
  individuals within rooms or any areas in hotels.

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• Lighting seems to be more acceptable in terms of
  lights used in most hotels in Jordan, though
  some hotels are still using inefficient energy
  types of light bulbs inside guest rooms, after
  asking one of the employees in the Ministry of
  Tourism and Antiquities in the Research
  Department, it was found that it is not
  preferable to use neon lights in hotels since
  they are not strong enough. Recommendations were
  given regarding this issue.

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HVAC Systems

• The followings are some practical implications
  that can improve the efficiency of HVAC system
• Insulation when insulating all heating and
  cooling lines/vessels using appropriate
  insulation thickness, minimizing heat gains or
  losses becomes possible.
• Building Envelope measures as false ceilings
  and segregation of critical areas for air
  conditioning by air curtains all can optimize the
  effective space requiring air conditioning.
• Building Heat Load Minimization Minimizing the
  air conditioning loads can be done by some
  procedures as roof cooling, roof reflectance,
  efficient lighting, and optimal thermostat
  setting of temperature of air conditioned spaces,
  sun film applications, etc.

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• Solar Heat Gain Control Such control can be
  achieved by installing awnings, overhangs, or low
  e-coated windows with low Solar Heat Gain
  Coefficient (SHGC).
• Select high-efficiency units when replacing HVAC
  equipment Although some high-efficiency units
  may be more expensive than average-efficiency
  units, the higher initial payment can be
  recovered through increased energy savings in a
  very short time.
• It is necessary to conduct a proper maintenance
  of HVAC systems, such as cleaning filters and
  maintaining proper refrigerant charge on wall
  units and packaged systems.

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Lighting

• Energy-efficient fluorescent lamps instead of
  "conventional" fluorescent lamps.
• Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) instead of
  incandescent lamps.
• Installation of high pressure sodium vapor (HPSV)
  lamps for applications where color rendering is
  not critical.
• Mercury vapor lamps should also be considered.
• LED exit signs instead of incandescents.
• Microprocessor-based controllers.
• Optimum usage of day-lighting in new designs.

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• High frequency (HF) electronic ballasts instead
  of conventional ballasts.
• Occupancy sensors, an affordable way to guarantee
  that unneeded lights do not remain on.
• Photocells, devices that automatically detect the
  natural light level in a room, consequently the
  artificial light intensity will accordingly be
  adjusted.
• An automatic device, such as a key tag system,
  will improve housekeeping energy management.

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• Another important issue in Jordan hotels is the
  great consumption of energy caused by heating
  water this is due to the lack of insulation
  techniques as well as the lack of using solar
  system and other types of renewable types of
  energy sources.

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• Procedures to be taken by investors
• Insulating hot water storage tanks and piping to
  reduce heat loss.
• Evaluating the use of decentralized small water
  heaters to reduce the peak load of the main water
  heating system or that of the electric
  generators, which supply electricity for heating
  water.
• Evaluating and installing as appropriate waste
  heat recovery systems on large generating units,
  laundry, etc.
• As appropriate, solar water heating systems
  should be installed for guest rooms, swimming
  pools, and other services equipment.

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• For management and staff, the following should be
  done
• Setting water heaters thermostats at not more
  than 50 -55 ºC, for guest room water.
• Using a booster heater for higher water
  temperatures for dishwaters and laundry equipment
  use.
• Minimizing temperature of water used for cleaning
  utensils (without reducing the temperature below
  the permissible level).
• Adopting a regular boiler tuning program
• Adjusting fuel / air ratio to maintain higher
  efficiencies.

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• Checking toilets, faucets and showerheads for
  water leaks and repair immediately.
• Using low-flow shower-heads (2 ½ to 3 gallons per
  minute are recommended)
• Checking and maintaining gas boilers and water
  heaters twice a year to reduce scales and
  increase efficiency.
• Replacing inefficient water heating systems.
• Considering water treatment to prevent scaling.

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• Unfortunately, many hotels in Jordan are still
  not using water saving aerators or showerheads,
  not even low-flow toilets. Another serious matter
  is the limited use of any water treatment so
  water can be reused.

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• Ultra Low-Flow Toilets
• Toilet Dams or Other Water Displacement Devices
• Low-Flow Showerheads
• Efficient Faucet Aerators
• Landscape Water
• The following techniques are the most effective
  ways to control outdoor water use
• - Keeping only native, drought-tolerant plants
  that can thrive with minimal water on a property
  (Xeriscaping plants).
• - Moisture sensors in soils.
• - Controllers on irrigation systems

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Design as a Tool of Sustainability

• Consider a whole building approach, where the
  architectural design is integrated with the
  building's energy systems design.
• Consider carefully the physical layout of the
  facility and clustering of service areas to
  minimize electrical distribution systems,
  centralize plumbing and water supply and minimize
  transportation requirements.
• Ensure guest satisfaction through using reliable
  and efficient power water supplies.
• Enhance staff information on the need to upgrade
  energy efficiency and promote their participation
  in the development process of the facility.

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• In addition to the tasks mentioned previously
  about the role of management in using and
  maintaining different tools and systems in
  hotels, education and training are essential part
  s of the energy management program, they are
  considered as an efficient and cost-effective way
  to reduce energy use in tourist facilities, such
  approach is based on involving personnel.
• We need to focus on Front Office, Public areas
  and services, housekeeping, and swimmimg pools
  and spas.

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Some other approaches Sub Metering and System
Monitoring

• Recording - Measuring and recording of different
  forms of energy consumption.
• Analyzing - Correlating and relating energy
  consumption to a measured output, such as
  occupancy, and so to know the factors behind
  consuming some particular amounts of energy.
• Comparing - Comparing energy consumption to a
  specific standard or benchmark.

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• Setting Targets - Setting targets to reduce or
  control energy consumption.
• Monitoring - Comparing energy consumption to the
  set target on a regular basis.
• Reporting - Reporting the results, and comparing
  all variances from the targeted standard values
  or standards.
• Controlling - Implementing management procedures
  to correct any variances which reflect any
  deficiency.

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• Other Sections in the report included laundry and
  kitchens, as well as some other departments in
  the hotel.
• A list of Some practical procedures that can be
  done by managers and departments supervisors is
  also added.

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Thank You!