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Carl Gustav Jung

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Title: Carl Gustav Jung


1
Carl Gustav Jung
  • Rejects many of Freuds conclusions about ethics.
  • Accepts
  • Religion as a psychological phenomena/ a natural
    process which stems from archetypes in the
    human mind/ performs the function of harmonizing
    the psyche/ a beneficial phenomena.

2
Carl Gustav Jung Archetypes
  • Concept of God is a primordial image/ a part of
    the collective consciousness we all have.
  • ARCHITYPES that part of the psyche that creates
    these images. We have a functional disposition
    to produce the same/similar images/ideas.
  • We are born with the ability to generate images
    of God and other religious phenomena.
  • We pick up images of God from our experience of
    the world, but the disposition to generate these
    images is innate.
  • An experience which is archetypal in character
    can be classed as religious.
  • Jung
  • GOD along with the images generated by all the
    other archetypes is INEFFABLE (beyond
    explanation/description) since He comes from a
    part of the mind about which nothing concrete may
    be known.

3
Carl Gustav Jung God?
  • The existence of GOD?
  • The is no proof either way!!! We simply do not
    know the ultimate derivation of the archetype
    Nothing positive or negative has thus been
    asserted about the possible existence of God
    Jung Psychology and Alchemy
  • What can be asserted? God exists as a psychic
    phenomena/ For people who experience the effects
    of the archetype, God is real/ As to existence of
    God outside the mind, nothing can be proven.
  • Freud Religion a neurosis
  • Jung Religion performs the role of maintaining
    the balance of the mind and preventing neurosis

4
Carl Gustav Jung Individuation
  • INDIVIDUATION
  • The balance of the libido and the ensuing mental
    health of the individual are governed by an
    innate process-individuation. INDIVIDUATION
    results in a psychologically balanced
    personality-through the integration of the
    various archetypes into the conscious
    personality.
  • INDIVIDUATION is a religious process any
    process/attitude governed by archetypes may be
    termed religious.
  • Through religious images the personality achieves
    its goal of integration. Those who reject
    religion are less likely to individuate
    successfully, are more likely to experience
    neurosis.

5
Carl Gustav Jung
  • Using Jungs ideas we could argue that God made
    mankind in his image by placing a very blueprint
    of Himself in our minds!

6
Criticisms
  • Criticism of Jungs methodology
  • Jung argues that we can know nothing about God.
    Can we accept this? Key to his argument is that
    Gods existence cannot be proven. He can only be
    known as a psychic entity and not in the world of
    reality.
  • Phil of Religion for A level
  • He has set up a necessary truth and hence
    safeguarded it from ever being reputed by
    empirical evidence. In this, however, he has no
    justification.

7
Criticisms
  • Can we accept the theory of Archetypes?
  • Cannot myths, imagery etc. Be better explained by
    the fact that we share generally the same
    experiences
  • Birth-death-parents-sun common ideas about
    Parent gods, sun gods, punishing and rewarding
    gods.
  • Do we need to postulate an archetypal instinct
    from God from the evidence that people believe
    in God? NO!
  • Anyway many people do not believe in God. Jung
    said that atheism was itself a form of religion,
    but if so where is the God archetype?

8
Criticisms
  • Individuation as a Religious Process?
  • Is individuation anything to do with God? Is
    religious practice and belief more than about
    becoming whole?
  • ..there is an extra dimension in religious
    practice which Jung fails to explain. Phil of
    R. for A level
  • Jungs theories may be true but they are not
    proven so!

9
I need to show Background reading!
  • Jung Among all my patients in the second half
    of life.over 35.there has not been one whose
    problems in the last resort was not that of
    finding a religious outlook of life. It is safe
    to say that everyone of them fell ill because he
    had lost that which the living religions of every
    age have given to their followers, and none of
    them had been really healed who did not regain
    this religious outlook T. Thouless An
    introduction to the Psychology of religion

10
I need to show Background reading!
  • Thouless points out that Jungs ideas lacked
    objective confirmation but that they did find
    support
  • Psychotherapist Alphonse Meader. He began by
    rejecting religion but converted to
    Christianity.. He reported that he had found
    himself better able to help patients since he
    could guide them in spiritual readjustment
    necessary to restore mental health.
  • Dr. Frankl developed a system of psychotherapy
    which not only recognized mans spirit, but
    actually starts from it.
  • Thouless An intro to the psychology of
    religion

11
I need to show Background reading!
  • J. MacQuarrie 20th Century Religious Thought
  • What kind of Religion does Jung
    recommendNaturalistic religion, not traditional.
  • Increasingly as Jung sees it, men will turn from
    collective dogmatic religions to private
    religions, in which each individual works out
    independently his own solutions of the religious
    problem
  • Jung view is that God is within us as a
    psychological reality, the denial of which
    distorts our life.
  • The beginners guide to ideas W. Raeper and L.
    Smith Jung came to believe that people need
    meaning and significance in their lives. P. 80
  • The sea of Faith Don Cupitt The objective side
    of religion, its institutions, dogma, myth and
    rituals, is interpreted as a psychic projection,
    and is thereby made available to us as a vast
    body of resources to be used by us in the service
    of a modern spitiuality.

12
Carl Gustav Jung Implication for Ethics
  • The link between religion and ethics/ between
    images of God resulting from archetypes and
    responses to moral behaviour.
  • Love God/A loving God image AND Love your
    neighbour.
  • The sheep and the Goats. Images of heaven and
    hell alongside images of meeting the needs of the
    poor give drink to the thirsty/visit the
    prisoner etc..
  • We often see ethical issues being interpreted
    from a religious perspective Just War theory -
    Should the UK have gone to war against Saddam
    Hussain?
  • Could it be that ethics is an aspect of religious
    imagery and therefore part/an aspect of the
    archetype?

13
Carl Gustav Jung Implication for Ethics
  • Ethics an aspect of balancing the mind? A
    healthy outlook? When we integrate various
    archetypes are we integrating an ethical world
    view also? Is this part of the process of
    Individuation?
  • Blueprint concept We have an innate ability to
    create images of God. Is an ethical perspective
    part of the blueprint CONSCIENCE?
  • One reason why religion is so healthy is that it
    provides a foundation for an ethical
    understanding of oneself, others and the world?
  • Could it be that the source of our ethical
    perspective, our innate ability to understand and
    think morally, like the source of our innate
    ability to create images of God, comes in fact
    from God?????????? Case not proven!
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