Global Current Development and Trends: Value of Research and Development

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Global Current Development and Trends Value of
Research and Development
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• Yongyuth Yuthavong
• BIOTEC,
• National Science and Technology Development
  Agency, Thailand Science Park

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Trends for Emerging Technologies

• Convergence Transdisciplinary, multiple
  applications
• Bioinformatics
• Nanoelectronics
• Divergence From new mother disciplines
• Genomics -gt Pharmacogenomics, proteomics
• Nanomaterials -gt Medical, electronic, etc.
• Accessibility Both more and less
• The Digital Divide
• The World is Flat

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Technology Trends for the New Millennium

• Energy
• The sun
• Health and food
• The gene
• Communication
• Broadband internet

Freeman Dyson The Sun, the Genome and the
Internet (1999)
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The New "Molecular Economy"Information systems
will take their cues from biological ones. It's
Alive The Coming Convergence of Information,
Biology, and Businessby Christopher Meyer and
Stan Davis (2003)
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• Nations, companies and people will need to join
  in the knowledge society if they want to prosper.
  
• Science and technology are the major components
  of such society.
• Those that fail will be caught by the future.
• Technology is not kind It does not say please.

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Forces which Flatten the World(T. L. Friedman,
2005)

• Political liberation
• Information technology penetration/open-sourcing
• Outsourcing/supply-chaining
• Networking
• The playing field is levelled The World is Flat!

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Emerging Technologies for the Developing World

• Right to share the benefits of science and
  technology.
• Special problems concerning
• Poverty, basic necessities of living (food,
  water, medicines, housing, energy, etc.)
• Education, access to new knowledge
• Poor infrastructure
• Emerging technologies according to users need,
  enabled by new technical advances.

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Emerging Technologies for Thailand Basic
Consideration

• Advanced developing country, with open attitude
  to globalization.
• Large gap between the rich and the poor.
• Main strength in agriculture and industrial
  production (pickups, parts, electronic assembly,
  etc.)
• Little investment in RD (0.3 of GDP)
• Indigenous technologies mainly for SME and
  consumers
• Tuk-tuk, long-tailed boats
• Herbal drug formulations
• Off-season fruits
• Native rice improved with added characters
  (resistance to pest, drought, flood, etc.)

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Criteria for Emerging Technologies for Thailand

• Description
• Impact
• Economic and business
• Social
• Feasibility
• Technical
• Social

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Emerging Technologies for Thailand(10 years from
2006)
Score 1(low importance) 5 (high importance)
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Emerging Technologies for Thailand(10 years from
2006)
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Info-Bio-Molecular Economy
Information Economy
Pre-history
Growth
Consolidation
10,000 yrs
Hunting, gathering
Agriculture
1950s
1980
2000
2020
2030
Bioeconomy
Growth
Consolidation
Start
1953
2000
2020
2030
Molecular Economy
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Personalized/Preventive Medicine

• Individual responses to drugs/treatment
• Genetic screens prior to intervention
• Pharmacogenomics
• Individualized medicine
• Applicable to whole society, or just a few ?

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Genetic Disposition to Diseases

• Many diseases have genetic determinants.
• Example BRCA 1 and 2 genes and breast cancer
• Life style influences the outcome
• Should genetic screens be introduced to the
  population?
• Cost? Social security aspects? Insurance aspects?
• The right to know, and the right not to know

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DNA FINGERPRINTING
Each individual has a specific DNA sequence,
which determines genetic characters, and its
analysis can be used as identification.
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Genetically Modified Organisms(GMO)

• Plants, animals, microorganisms with modified
  genes.
• Also called transgenic organisms.
• Made by insertion of new gene(s), with the help
  of a vector (plasmid, or virus).
• The extra gene can
• Give new product or increase productivity
• Give protection against disease/insects
• Give new property, eg. resistance to herbicides

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Stem Cells and Cloning

• Stem cells are cells which have potentials to
  develop into different tissues, organs or whole
  organisms.
• Embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
• Organ/tissue cloning therapeutic cloning.
• Whole organism cloning.
• Bioethics of cloning.

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Cloning Forward to the Past
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Gene Therapy

• Therapy of diseases with genetic basis, eg.
  thalassemia, immune deficiency.
• Made by insertion of corrective gene into stem
  cells of the patient.

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What is Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is the technology that is used
to create, synthesize or produce materials,
devices or systems in the length scale of about
0.1 100 nm range (1 nm 10-9m). Because of
their small structures, they exhibit useful
properties and functions for users.
(nm)
Nanotechnology
Hydrogen Atom
Virus
Microchip
Human Hair
DNA
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Examples of Nanotechnology Products

• Carbon nanotube as nanoconductor, etc.
• Nanomaterials as superior catalysts.
• Nanofibers as new garment fabrics, self-cleaning,
  self-adjusting.
• Drug delivery systems for disease targets
• Nanosensors
• Nanomotors, nanomachines

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