Title: Antihistamines, Decongestants, Antitussives, and Expectorants Lilley Pharmacology Text: Chapter 34
1Antihistamines, Decongestants, Antitussives, and
ExpectorantsLilley Pharmacology Text Chapter 34
- Original Text modified by
- Anita A. Kovalsky, R.N., M.N.Ed.,
- Professor of Nursing
- Original PPT by
- Professor Pat Woodbery, ARNP, CS
2Review of Glossary TermsLilley pg. 527
- Antihistamines
- Expectorants
- Corticosteroids
- Adrenergic (smypathomimetic)
- Antagonist
- Anticholinergic (parasympatholytic)
- Histamine antagonist
3Antihistamines (Antagonize the Action of
Histamine)
- Histamine found in tissues exposed to environment
(eyes, nose, lungs, GI) - Histamine mainly found in Mast Cells
- Histamine found in Basophils (RBC)
4Histamine Causes Stimulation of H1 Receptors
- Contraction of smooth muscle? Wheeze
- Stimulation of Vagus? Cough
- Permeability veins? Edema
- Vasodilation? Flushing
- secretions? Mucous
- Stimulation of nerve endings? Pruritus
5Histamine Causes Stimulation of H2 Receptors
- Gastric Acid and Pepsin? Abdominal Pain
-
- Rate Force of Myocardial Contraction?
tachycardia - Vasodilation?Hypotension, Flushing, HA
6When Histamine is Stimulated How Does the Client
Look?
- Allergic Rhinitis
- Allergic Bronchitis
- Allergic Conjunctivitis
- Allergic Dermatitis
- Anaphylaxis
7Prototype Drug(Brand name in parentheses)
(Refer to Prototype List in syllabus Also
listed in Lilley, pg. 531)
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
8Nursing Assessment
- Why is the client getting this drug?
- Is there any reason the client should not get an
Antihistamine? - Pregnancy, glaucoma, ulcer, medication
interaction, allergy??? - Drowsiness ?
- Dry secretions ? ( Think of Asthma)
- Alcohol ?
9Special Considerations
- Prevention of Allergic Reaction is the Best Care
- Paradoxical Excitement May Occur
- Use in Elder May Cause Confusion
- Consider Side Effects Dryness, Drowsiness
10Nasal DecongestantsClassifications
- Adrenergics (sympathomimetics)
- Anticholinergics (parasympatholytics)
- Corticosteroids (topical)
11Nasal Decongestant Classification1) Adrenergic
Agents
- Sympathomimetic Drugs
- Relieve Nasal Obstruction by constricting
arterioles and blood flow - Treatment of rhinitis
12Prototype Drug Adrenergic (Brand name in
parentheses) (Refer to Prototype List in
syllabus Also listed in Lilley, pg. 534)
- Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
13Antitussives
- Suppress the cough center in the Medulla
- Suppress the cough receptors in the throat, lungs
- Narcotic, non-narcotic
- Local anesthetics
- Lozengers
-
-
14Prototype Drug Antitussive (Brand name in
parentheses) (Refer to Prototype List in
syllabus Also listed in Lilley, pg. 537)
- Codeine
- Dextromethorphan (Benylin DM)
15Prototype Drug Expectorants (Brand name in
parentheses) (Refer to Prototype List in
syllabus Also listed in Lilley, pg. 538)
16Mucolytics
- Used to liquefy thick viscous mucous
- Inhalation
- Effective within 1 minute? peaks in 5-10 minutes
- Also used for Tylenol overdose... given orally
17Prototype Drug Mucolytics (Brand name in
parentheses) (Refer to Prototype List in
syllabus Also listed in Lilley, pg. 132)
- Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
18Nursing Considerations
- Relieve symptomsNOT a cure
- Nose drops for no more then 7 days
- Read the labels carefully
- Note if syrupsremember sugar!
- Report palpitations, dizziness, drowsiness
19Summary
- Rebound nasal congestion
- Side effects tachycardia, arrhythmias,
hypertension (adrenergic effects) - Many drugs alter the effects of OTC cold
remediesBE CAREFUL..HTN, Arrhythmias!
20THE END