Institute for Telecommunication Sciences ITS Overview

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Institute forTelecommunication Sciences
(ITS)Overview
Andrew Thiessen ITS.P Systems Research Arch.
Development Team Leader

• October 5th, 2008

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National Telecommunications and Information
Administration
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ITS.P Program Sponsors

• National Institute of Standards and Technologys
  Office of Law Enforcement Standards (NIST/OLES).
  On behalf of NIST/OLES
• Dept. of Homeland Securitys Office of
  Interoperability and Compatibility (formerly
  SAFECOM)
• Dept. of Justices Community Oriented Policing
  Services (COPS) Program
• Dept. of Homeland Securitys CIOs Wireless
  Management Office (WMO) - Federal Partnership
  for Interoperable Communications (FPIC)
• Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
• DHS National Communication System (NCS)

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What Is NIST/OLES?

• Resides within NISTs Electronics and Electrical
  Engineering Laboratory (EEEL)
• Kathleen Higgins, Director Dereck Orr, Program
  Manager for Public Safety Communications
  Standards
• Provides technical support to DHS OIC/SAFECOM
  Programs and DOJ/NIJ COPS Office

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OLES Mission

• To apply science and technology to the needs of
  the public safety community (law enforcement,
  corrections, forensic science, fire sciences,
  etc.)
• To develop standards, methods, and procedures
• To provide technical support and assistance

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ITS Support to OLES

• TIA Project 25/34 Standards Development
• P25 Compliance Assessment Program
• CAI, ISSI, Encryption, Vocoder Protocol Standards
  Development
• ISSI Emulator tool (DIETS)
• P34 Broadband Task Group
• Automated P25 Radio Performance Software (RPM)
• DHS/OIC Support (via OLES)
• NPSTC Broadband Support
• Public Safety Statement of Requirements (SOR)
• Public Safety Architecture Framework (PSAF)
• VoIP Profile Standards Development
• Interim Interoperability Device Testing

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• Wireless Broadband Overview
• Andrew Thiessen, Rob Stafford, Emil Olbrich

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ITS.P Public Safety Broadband Activities in
support of NIST/OLES

• The Systems Research and Development group (SRAD)
  within ITS.P participates/chairs in several
  Public Safety technical forums
• TIA TR8.8 APCO P25 Interface Committee (APIC)
  Broadband Task Group (BBTG) focused on the
  development of a public safety standard for
  4.9GHz
• The FCC allocated 50 megahertz (MHz) of spectrum
  in the 4940-4990 MHz band (4.9 GHz band) for
  fixed and mobile wireless services and
  designating the band for use in support of public
  safety.
• National Public Safety Telecommunications Council
  (NPSTC) Broadband Working Group focused on the
  development of a public safety standard for 700MHz

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4.9GHz Broadband

• Where we have been
• Developed a P34 UNC IAN SoR
• Developed a consensus matrix to compare/contrast
  proposed technologies
• Motorola proposes IEEE 802.11-2007
• M/A-COM proposes IEEE 802.16e
• Simulation of both technologies based on
  scenarios in the Public Safety Statement of
  Requirements

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4.9GHz Broadband

• Where we are going
• Consensus in the APIC BBTG is not likely
• P34 UNC will use formal decision analysis to work
  with the user community to decide between the two
  protocols
• This work is likely to begin in the next 30 days
• Actively searching for users to participate in
  the process

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• Outline
• Timing Issues
• Hallway in Concrete Block Structure
• Hallway With a Crowd
• Apartment Results Outdoor
• Observations

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• 802.11j TCP Timing

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• DIFSSignalDataSIFSSignal802.11
  AckDIFSSignalTCP AckSIFSSignal802.11 Ack
• 58408(76 BytesData)/(Bytes per
  Symbol)3240858408 (76 BytesData)/(Bytes
  per Symbol)32408
• 356 microseconds(DataHeaders) Time

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• Some Material Losses _at_ 4.9 GHz In dB
• Plywood (1/2 in) 0 dry, 2.5 wet
• Brick (3.5 in) 15
• Conc. Block (8 in) 15
• Concrete (4 in) 24
• Brick/Block 35
• Reinf. Conc. (8 in) 56

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• Hallway Path Loss

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• Modeled Path Loss

Path Loss in dB
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• Apartment Complex Layout

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• Floor 2 Walkthrough

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• Floor 7 Walkthrough

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Early Time
Full Waveform
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Experimental Observations

• The Commerce Building hallway is like a waveguide
  at 4.95 GHz.
• NLOS excess path loss is about 25 dB. Add 5 dB
  for closed wood doors.
• Biological attenuation is 8-12 dB.
• Throughput stays high (11-12 Mbps) until signal
  drops below about -75 or -80 dBm.
• At walking speeds throughput drops by about 50 .

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Experimental Observations

• High variability in received power and throughput
  at the apartment complex.
• Essentially no transmission from floor to floor
  probably due to concrete transmission losses.
• Exception the elevator is a Faraday cage, but
  the elevator shaft is a waveguide.
• Multipath may be a factor at the apartment
  complex.

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• Reference
• Stone, W. C., "Electromagnetic Signal Attenuation
  in Construction Materials," NISTIR 6055, pp.202.
  ,NIST Construction Automation Program Report No.
  3. October, 1997. http//www.bfrl.nist.gov/861/CMA
  G/publications/b97123.pdf

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Broadband and 4G what are they?

• Broadband typically refers to channel sizes
  1Mhz or larger and multi-Mps data rates
• 4G - Next generation of wireless networking
  technologies, past 3G
• 3G is defined by IMT-2000 - General requirements
• Requires a minimum downlink data rate of 2 Mbps
• High degree of commonality of design worldwide
• Compatibility of services within IMT-2000 and
  with the fixed networks
• Worldwide roaming capability
• Capability for multimedia applications, and a
  wide range of services and terminals

• Six radio interfaces defined for worldwide
  compliance
• IMT-DS Direct-Sequence W-CDMA or UMTS
• IMT-MC Multi-Carrier CDMA2000 and EVDO
• IMT-TD Time-Division TD-CDMA
• IMT-SC Single Carrier GPRS EDGE
• IMT-FT Frequency Time DECT
• New standard OFDMA TDD WMAN IEEE 802.16e or
  WiMAX

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Evolution to 4G

• 4G is not a particular technology but a set of
  capabilities and is officially being defined
  (still in process) by the ITU as IMT Advanced
• Several industry groups (3GPP, 3GPP2 WiMAX
  Forum) are developing potential standards
• ITS is focused on these three technology paths
• 3GPP GSM based standards body. Evolution GSM
  to LTE
• 3GPP2 CDMA based standards body. Evolution
  from cdma2000 to UMB
• IEEE/WiMAX Forum OFDM based standards body.
  Evolution from 802.16 to 802.16e
• These three technologies support a N1 frequency
  reuse, essential to public safety

Courtesy LGS
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Broadband Terminology (1)

• CDMA Code Division Multiple Access, typically
  1.25MHz wide channel
• Used by Sprint, Alltel, Verizon
• Broadband data is called EVDO Evolution Data
  Optimized
• Revision A supports 3.1Mps DL and 1.8Mps UL
• Revision B will support multiple channel sizes
  1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 MHz and data rates from
  4.9-73.5Mps DL 1.8-27Mps UL
• UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband a.k.a Rev C will be
  an OFDMA based technology
• 5-20MHz wide channels
• Max 280Mps DL 68Mps UL
• MIMO SDMA support

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Broadband Terminology (2)

• WCDMA Wideband CDMA, typically 5 MHz wide
  channel a.k.a UMTS UTRAN
• Used by T-Mobile, ATT
• HSDPA High Speed Data Packet Access Rel 5
• Phase 1 3.6Mps DL, 384kps UL
• Phase 2 14Mps DL, 1.8Mps UL
• HSPA High Speed Packet Access Rel 6 7
• 14Mps DL, 5.8Mps UL
• MIMO 2x2 28Mps DL, 5.8Mps UL
• LTE Long term Evolution Rel 8
• 5-20MHz wide channels
• Max 200Mps DL 50Mps lt UL
• MIMO support
• Flat IP

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Broadband Terminology (3)

• WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
  Access
• Multiple fixed wireless deployments, mobile e
  version still in development
• Early releases of the WiMAX product have
  filtering issues may reduce the Tx power by 2 dB
• Primarily Time Division Duplex (TDD) technology,
  small segment of Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)
  available
• 1.25 20MHz channel sizes, typical is 10MHz size
• 18.75Mps UL/DL mobile version, 75Mps UL/DL fixed
  version (10MHz channel)
• For the n1 reuse case, cell edge rates may not
  be achieved with high probability. N1 reuse with
  segmentation can be employed, which effectively
  achieves 13 reuse
• OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple
  Access
• MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output

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Broadband Standards Development
Courtesy LGS
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700MHz Broadband Work (1)

• 700MHz Public Safety broadband work is based on
  the clearing of UHF TV stations and 2nd, 8th, 9th
  FCC Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) and the
  2nd Report and Order
• 2nd NPRM moves narrowband and wideband operations
  to allow for more high speed data spectrum
• 8th NPRM allows for broadband operations in the
  700 MHz Band
• 9th NPRM calls for a national broadband network
• FCC 2nd Report Order created new rules for 700
  MHz for both commercial and public safety use

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2nd RO 700 MHz Band Plan
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700 MHz Public Safety Band

• Public Safety Base station Transmit 763 768
  MHz
• Public Safety Base station Receive 793 - 798
  MHz
• Public Safety lower Guard band 768 769 MHz
• Public Safety upper Guard band 798 799 MHz

• D Block Base station Transmit 758 763 MHz
• D Block Base station Receive 788 793 MHz
• PSPP Base station transmit frequency 758 768
  MHz
• PSPP Base station receive frequency 788 798
  MHz

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700MHz Broadband Work (2)

• Working with the National Public Safety
  Telecommunications (NPSTC) Broadband Working
  Group (BBWG) we are creating functional level
  requirements for public safety 700 MHz wireless
  broadband
• Collecting communications requirements from
  Public Safety, vendors, service providers and
  potential D block bidders
• Results from 700 MHz Web questionnaire
• SAFECOM Public Safety Statement of Requirements
• Results from the RFI
• National Institute of Standards and Technology
  Office of Law Enforcement Standards (NIST/OLES)
  created a 700MHz Broadband Request for
  Information (RFI) document.
• Published publicly on the Federal Business
  Opportunities (www.fedbizopps.gov) website
• The questions asked covered both technical and
  financial issues
• RFI submittals period ended at the end of June
• NOTE We are not creating another wireless
  standard but we are documenting the specific
  broadband requirements for Public Safety with
  regard to the 700MHz band

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For additional information please contact

• Andrew Thiessen, ITS.P SRAD Team Leader
• andrew_at_its.bldrdoc.gov
• 303-497-4427
• Dr. Rob Stafford
• stafford_at_its.bldrdoc.gov
• 303-497-7835
• Emil Olbrich
• eolbrich_at_its.bldrdoc.gov
• 303-497-4950
• ITS http//www.its.bldrdoc.gov
  
• NIST/OLES http//www.eeel.nist.gov/oles/pub
  lic_safety.html
• OIC/SAFECOM http//www.safecomprogram.gov/SAFECOM
  /
• NPSTC http//www.npstc.org/