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SelfTranscendence and Work Engagement in Acute Care Staff Registered Nurses

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Title: SelfTranscendence and Work Engagement in Acute Care Staff Registered Nurses


1
Self-Transcendence and Work Engagementin Acute
Care Staff Registered Nurses
Beth Palmer DNP, RN, ANP-BC, CNS, CCRN November
13, 2008
2
Background
  • People frequently choose to become nurses because
    caring for others brings meaning to their lives
    and gives them a sense that they are making a
    difference in the world.
  • Registered nurses often choose to work in acute
    care facilities because they find meaning in
    caring for patients who are acutely and/or
    critically ill.

3
Background
  • The desire to find meaning through ones work -
    consistent with philosophy of Victor Frankl
  • Frankl believed striving to find meaning in life
    is primary motivational force in mankind
  • Self Transcendence The ability of human beings
    to find meaning in their lives by being directed
    toward something, or someone, other than
    themselves

4
Background
  • Self-Transcendence ? meaning
  • When nurses derive meaning from caring
    experiences ? increased commitment and engagement
    with their work


5
Problem
  • Self-transcendence ? meaning
  • Self-transcendence may be connected to nurses
    relationship with their work
  • The relationship between self-transcendence and
    work engagement has not been investigated

6
Purposes
  • To explore the levels and relationships of
    self-transcendence and work engagement in Acute
    Care Staff Registered Nurses.

7
Theory of Self-Transcendence
Adapted from Reed, P. (2003). The Theory of
Self-Transcendence. In M. Smith P. Liehr
(Eds.), Middle Range Theory
for Nursing. New York Springer Publishing
Company, Inc.Adapted with permission of the author
8
Research Questions
  • What is the level of self-transcendence in Acute
    Care Staff Registered Nurses?
  • 2. What is the level of work engagement in Acute
    Care Staff Registered Nurses?
  • 3. What is the relationship between
    self-transcendence and work engagement in Acute
    Care Staff Registered Nurses?

9
Literature Review
  • Self Transcendence (ST)
  • Is Universal
  • Correlates with
  • emotional well-being,
  • spiritual well-being,
  • sense of coherence,
  • self esteem,
  • hope,
  • purpose in life,
  • resilience,
  • quality of life,
  • health status,
  • Nurses experience ST when they have life-changing
    encounters with patients
  • Work Engagement (WE)
  • Correlates with Workplace
  • job control
  • job resource availability
  • service climate
  • autonomy
  • appreciation
  • Correlates with Personality
  • extraversion
  • mobility
  • achievement striving
  • In nurses Introspection leads to return to work
    engagement

10
Research Methods
  • Descriptive, correlational study design
  • Setting National Teaching Institute (NTI) -
    annual national conference of the American
    Association of Critical Care Nurses
  • 2008 held in large city in northern Illinois
  • Sample
  • Population 9,000 registered nurses
  • Power analysis minimum sample size of 64
  • (.05 significance level, 80 power, effect
    size of 0.3)

11
Operational Definitions
  • Self-Transcendence
  • Independent variable
  • Self-Transcendence Scale (STS)
  • Validity reported
  • Internal reliability coefficient (.73-.93)
  • Work Engagement
  • Dependent variable
  • Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES)
  • Validity reported
  • Internal reliability coefficient (.91-.96)

12
Demographic Questionnaire
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Ethnicity
  • Years in nursing
  • Years of employment
  • Educational level
  • Work status
  • Percentage of time spent in direct patient care
  • Area worked
  • Work-related role
  • Certification status

Additional question To what extent does your
work in nursing give you an awareness of the
vulnerability of human beings?
13
Recruitment Procedure
  • Exempt status from Case Western Reserve
    University IRB
  • Investigator seated at table in exhibition hall
  • Participants who completed surveys received candy
    bar

14
Sample Characteristics
  • Work
  • of years in nursing
  • 1-15 years (50.5)
  • 15-gt30 years (48.2)
  • Certification
  • (51.7) Certified by AACN
  • (10.3) Other Certification
  • Personal
  • Female (94.3)
  • Caucasian (81.6)
  • Age
  • 41-50 years (32.2)
  • 51-60 years (28.7)
  • Highest Nursing Degree
  • Associates Degree (36.8) Bachelors Degree
    (48.4)

15
Instrument Reliability
  • STS
  • Cronbachs alpha .79
  • UWES
  • Cronbachs alpha .90
  • Subscales
  • Vigor .80
  • Dedication .85
  • Absorption .70

16
Research Questions 1 2
  • Level of Self-Transcendence
  • Mean STS score 3.41, SD.32
  • Level of Work Engagement
  • Mean UWES score 4.61, SD.61

17
Research Question 3
Relationship between
Self-Transcendence and Work Engagement
Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level
Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level
18
Additional Question
  • To what extent does your work in nursing give you
    an awareness of the vulnerability of human
    beings?
  • Very Much (76)
  • Somewhat (23)
  • Indicates that these acute care nurses likely
    experience vulnerability relating to their work

19
DiscussionSample and Instrument Reliability
  • Participants fairly representative of the overall
    population
  • Reliability coefficients for study instruments
    were acceptable and similar to those in previous
    studies

20
DiscussionResults of Research Questions
  • Level of self-transcendence similar nurses in 2
    prior studies
  • Level of self-transcendence higher than
    non-nurses
  • Level of work engagement in this study
  • Total UWES High end of Average
  • Vigor Absorption High end of Average
  • Dedication High

21
DiscussionResults of Research Questions
  • Significant positive correlation
  • Self-Transcendence
  • Work Engagement

22
Limitations
  • Use of convenience sample
  • Minimally acceptable STS reliability coefficient
  • Low UWES absorption subscale reliability
    coefficient

23
Implications
  • Nursing administration - encourage and provide
    opportunities for nurses to self-transcend
  • Clinical Nurse Specialists - model, nurture, and
    educate staff about self-transcendence
  • Nursing educators - support students to
    incorporate experiences of vulnerability into
    development of self-transcendence ? meaning in
    patient-care experiences

24
Future Research
  • Replication
  • Intervention Testing
  • Crossover of work-engagement in nurses
  • Research must focus on discovering how to support
    the positive, fulfilling, work-related state of
    mind that will keep nursing a vibrant, fulfilling
    and meaningful profession

25
Conclusion
  • First study exploring relationship between
    Self-Transcendence (ST) and Work Engagement (WE)
  • Significant positive relationship found between
    ST and WE - Nurses with higher levels of
    self-transcendence had more energy toward and
    were more dedicated and absorbed in their work
  • Key finding relating to nursing and nursing
    faculty shortage
  • By teaching and nurturing self-transcendence in
    nurses we can prepare and retain work-engaged
    nurses who will thrive in and benefit our
    challenging and constantly changing healthcare
    environment.

26
Thank you!QuestionsDiscussion
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