TRAINING SESSION

1
TRAINING SESSION

• Hazard Identification, Workplace Inspection and
  Resolution
• November 2004
• Presented By
• Catherine Drum, BASc(OHS), CRSP
• EHS Officer,
• Centre For Environmental Health and Safety
  Management

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Benefits

• Comply with legislation (due diligence)
• Improve housekeeping
• Reduce unsafe conditions and practices
• Improve procedures and system effectiveness
• Determine opportunities for improvement
• Reduce accident frequencies

3
What You Will Learn

• How to effectively plan an investigation ahead of
  time
• Identify useful pre-inspection information (e.g.,
  layout plans, process flow diagrams, MSDS,
  permits, etc.)
• Who to talk to and what to look for during the
  inspection
• How to identify and assess hazard risk
• Identify the elements of an effective inspection
  report, including findings and recommendations
  for corrective action

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Agenda

• Hazard Identification
• Workplace Inspections
• The 4 step Inspection Process
• Examples of What to Inspect
• Examples of Specific Items to Inspect
• Examples of Descriptive Words to Use
• Examples of Substandard Conditions

5
Agenda

• Assessing and Controlling Hazards
• The 4 steps to fixing hazards
• Supervisor Duties
• Inspection Report
• Report Back Follow-up
• Responsibilities
• Summary

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HAND-OUTS

• Powerpoint Presentation
• WIP Procedure
• WIP Master Checklist
• WIP Inspection Checklist for Required Department
  Postings
• WIP Inspection Recording Form

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What is a Hazard?

• A hazard is anything with the potential to cause
  damage or harm to
• People
• The Environment
• Property
• Equipment
• Processes

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Types of Hazards

• Safety hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Physical hazards
• Biological hazards
• Ergonomic hazards
• Environmental hazards

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Hazards To Look For

• Safety Hazards
• Unsafe workplace conditions
• is a hazardous physical condition or
  circumstance which could directly permit the
  occurrence of an accident
• Unsafe work practices or acts
• Is a violation of a known or accepted safe
  procedure which could permit the occurrence of an
  accident

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Examples of Unsafe Workplace Conditions

• Inadequate guards or barriers
• Inadequate or improper protective equipment
• Defective tools, equipment or materials
• Lack of proper tools equipment

• Poor housekeeping disorder
• Poor walking surface
• Hazardous environmental conditions gases, dusts,
  smokes, fumes, vapours
• Excessive noise exposures (gt85 dB)

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Examples of Unsafe Workplace Conditions

• Tools equipment in need of repair
• Congestion or restricted action
• Inadequate warning system
• Fire and explosion hazards
• Loose
• Open holes

• Poor lighting
• Inadequate warning system
• Radiation exposures
• Temperature Extremes exposures
• Inadequate or excess illumination
• Inadequate ventilation

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Examples of Unsafe Work Practices or Acts

• Substandard Work Practices
• Working in a poorly ventilated area
• Using defective equipment
• Using equipment improperly
• Not wearing P.P.E
• Horseplay

• Removing safety devices
• Making safety devices inoperable
• Speeding
• Reckless driving
• Taking an improper position
• Operating without authority

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Examples of Unsafe Work Practices or Acts

• Failure to warn others
• Failure to follow procedures
• Failure to secure / make safe
• Improper lifting
• Improper loading

• Servicing equipment in motion
• Under the influence of drugs/alcohol
• Improper placement
• Improper position for task

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Hazards To Look For

• Chemical Hazards
• Solids, liquids, vapours, gases, dusts, fumes or
  mists
• Flammables, corrosives, toxics, compressed gases,
  oxidizers
• Physical Hazards
• Noise, vibration, energy, electricity, radiation,
  pressure, moving mechanical parts, extreme heat
  and cold

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Hazards To Look For

• Biological Hazards
• Bacteria, viruses, insects, plants, birds,
  animals, and humans. These sources can cause a
  variety of health effects ranging from skin
  irritation and allergies to infections (e.g.,
  tuberculosis, AIDS), cancer
• Ergonomic Hazards
• Repetitive motions, awkward postures, manual
  material handling, excessive forces

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Hazards To Look For

• Environmental Hazards
• Comfort factors (temperature and humidity), poor
  indoor air quality, inadequate ventilation,
  inadequate or excessive illumination
• E.g. mould, dirty ceiling vents, dirty/dusty
  floors, no ventilation, heavy perfumes

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What Are These Hazards Related To?

• The Work Environment
• E.g. Slippery floors, poor lighting
• The Way the Work is Organized
• E.g. Carrying a heavy load a long distance
• The Equipment, Tools or Substances Used
• E.g. Toxic chemicals, unguarded machines,
  damaged power tools

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What Are These Hazards Related To?

• Lack of Information, Training and Supervision
• Inadequate or Ill Fitting Personal Protective
  Equipment (PPE)

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Purpose of Workplace Inspections

• To identify potential hazards
• To check if controls are effective and
  operational
• To meet legal requirements (in some cases)
• To collect information from workers and
  supervisors

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Why are Workplace Inspections Important?

• Workplace inspections help prevent injuries and
  illnesses
• Inspections identify and record hazards for
  corrective action
• Important part of the overall occupational health
  and safety program

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The 4 Step Inspection Process

• Planning
• Conducting
• Reporting
• Follow-up

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PlanningAspects to Examine

• A workplace is any land, premises, location or
  thing at, upon, in or near which a worker works
• At the University, can be labs, offices, shops,
  kitchens, mechanical rooms, washrooms
• Every inspection must examine who, what, where,
  when and how
• Include areas where no work is done regularly,
  such as office storage areas
• Inspections can be themedfor example

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PlanningAspects to Examine

• Example Themed Inspection Schedule
• Month 1 Offices and storage/photocopy room
• Month 2 Floors, aisles, stairs and Landings
• Month 3 Labs
• Month 4 Tools and equipment
• Month 5 First Aid Station/Box
• Month 6 Ergonomic Factors
• Month 7 Work Practices
• Month 8 Hazardous Materials

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PlanningWorkplace Elements

• Look at all workplace elements
• the environment
• the equipment and
• the process

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PlanningWorkplace Elements

• The environment includes hazards such as noise,
  vibration, lighting, temperature and ventilation
• Equipment includes materials, tools and apparatus
  for producing a product or used in a process
• Process involves how the worker interacts with
  the other elements in a series of tasks or
  operations

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PlanningWhat will you need?

• Floor plan of the relevant areas
• Checklists
• Equipment and chemical inventories
• Copies of previous accident/incident reports and
  workplace inspections
• Workplace inspection recording forms

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PlanningFloor Plan of the Area

• Can be obtained by calling Campus Planning
  Facilities
• Identifies machinery, equipment and materials
• Identifies fire exits, hallways, chemical storage
• Identify roomskitchen, meeting room, office
• ALL AREAS BELONGING TO YOUR DEPARTMENT MUST BE
  DOCUMENTEDthis is the only way to know if you
  have completed your area.

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PlanningChecklists

• Use the checklists provided as a toolyou should
  be developing your own checklists specific to
  your area
• Sample checklists will be available on our
  website at www.ryerson.ca/cehsm/duediligence/index
  .html

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PlanningEquipment/Chemical Inventories

• Review equipment inventory to learn what
  equipment/machinery is present
• Know the hazards and controls associated with
  each piece of equipment/machine
• Check technical safety data sheets or
  manufacturers safety manuals
• Review chemical inventories to learn what
  chemicals are present
• Each space storing chemicals should have a room
  inventory and an MSDS binder

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PlanningPast Accident/Incident Reports

• Identify causes of accidents/incidents
• Check if recommended actions from those reports
  were implemented

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PlanningPast Workplace Inspections

• Past inspection records show
• what has been identified
• what areas require inspection
• Also identify previously recognized hazards to
  pay attention to
• Check if recommended actions from those reports
  were implemented

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PlanningWorkplace Inspection Forms

• Excel spreadsheet or as a Word Document
• Can be obtained through Cate Drum and is
  available on the CEHSM website
• There is a copy of it in your package

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What if you dont feel qualified?

• Ask someone who is (or ought to be) qualified to
  accompany you or to perform the inspection
• Some areas of the university will have to be
  inspected by someone who is authorized to be in
  that space and that might not be you those
  areas must be identified so as not slow down the
  inspection process

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What if you dont feel qualified?

• Ask questions
• if someone who performs the work is unable to
  explain the hazards of that work to you, then you
  know there is a problem

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Conducting Workplace Inspections - Inspection
Principles

• Look up, down, around and inside
• Clearly describe hazards and mark location on
  floor plan or on your checklist
• Record as you go along in case you forget
• Take photos and/or sketches
• Pay particular attention to equipment developing
  unsafe conditions due to stress, wear, impact,
  corrosion, or misuse.
• Shut down any hazardous items that cannot be
  brought to a safe operating standard until
  repaired

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Examples of What to Inspect

• Atmospheric Conditions
• Dusts, mists, fumes, vapours, lighting, heat,
  noise
• Buildings and Structures
• Windows, doors, floors, stairs, railings, roofs,
  walls

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Examples of What to Inspect

• Structural Openings
• Pits, sumps, shafts, floor openings including
  those usually kept covered
• Walkways and Roadways
• Aisles, ramps, loading docks, parking lots,
  driveways

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Examples of What to Inspect

• Storage Facilities
• Cabinets, shelving units, closets, bins, racks,
  tanks, closets, yard and floor storage
• Warning and Signaling Devices
• Strobes, crossing lights, horns, warning signs

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Examples of What to Inspect

• Elevators, Escalators, Dumb-waiters, Man-lifts
• Cables, controls and safety devices
• Firefighting Equipment
• Extinguishers, hoses, hydrants, alarms, sprinkler
  systems, fire-suppression systems

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Examples of What to Inspect

• Material Handling Equipment
• Conveyors, cranes, hoists, forklifts, carts,
  trolleys
• Containers
• Barrels, carboys, gas cylinders, flammable liquid
  containers, scrap bins, waste bins, vats, tanks

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Examples of What to Inspect

• Motorized Vehicles
• Automobiles, trucks, earth moving equipment,
  backhoes, mowers, graders, tractors, all-terrain
  vehicles, forklift trucks
• Electrical Service Equipment
• Switches, power bars, outlets, ground-fault
  circuit interrupters

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Examples of What to Inspect

• Electrical Equipment
• Lab equipment, floor polishers, vacuums, personal
  computers
• Emergency Equipment
• Spill kits, first aid kits, emergency telephones,
  emergency alarms

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Examples of What to Inspect

• Hand Tools
• Wrenches, hammers, saws, kitchen knives,
  explosive-actuated tools, electrically powered
  hand tools, air powered hand tools
• Pressure Vessels
• Autoclaves, sterilizers, hydrogeneration units,
  vacuum/low pressure process units, retorts,
  boilers

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Examples of What to Inspect

• Power Source Equipment
• Electric motors, gasoline engines, generators,
  steam engines
• Process Equipment
• Mills, shapers, lathes, grinders, presses, boring
  machines, brakes

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Examples of What to Inspect

• Personal Protective Equipment
• Hard hats, safety goggles, respirators, SCBA,
  harnesses, lifelines, helmets, gloves, protective
  clothing
• Personnel-Supporting Equipment
• Ladders, scaffolds, scissor lifts, catwalks,
  platforms, life-lines, sling-chairs

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Examples of Specific Items to Inspect

• Protective Guards
• Gear covers, pulley belt covers, pinch point
  guards, railings, blade guards
• Safety Devices
• Safety valves, emergency shut-offs, warning
  systems, limit switches

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Examples of Specific Items to Inspect

• Control Components
• Switches, thermostats, speed controls, brakes,
  steering mechanisms
• Mechanical Power Components
• Gears, cables, belts, ropes, drives, shafts,
  chains

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Examples of Specific Items to Inspect

• Electrical Power Components
• Cables, wires, switches, connections, grounds
• Point-of-Lift Components
• Handles, eye-bolts, lifting lugs

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Examples of Specific Items to Inspect

• Point-of-Work Components
• Blades, drill bits, chisels, hammers
• Weight-Bearing Components
• Steps, rungs, brackets, legs, foundations,
  forklift forks, wire ropes

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Examples of Descriptive Words to Use

• broken, chipped, leaking, dirty, disconnected,
  slipping, wobbling, worn, frayed, corroded,
  littered, removed, sagging, spalled, unstable,
  deteriorated, cracked, dented, blocked,
  unlabelled, defaced, inadequate, overloaded,
  missing, hazardous, messy, spilled, unanchored,
  protruding, bent, inoperative, smelly, cluttered,
  slippery, unlocked, splintered, malfunctioning,
  excessive, deficient, inappropriate, uneven,
  obscured

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Four Steps to Fixing Hazards

• Spot the hazard and report it to the supervisor
• Assess the risk
• Fix the hazard
• Check that the hazard is fixed for good

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Assess the Risk

• Once hazards are identified, they should be
  assessed to determine whether they are
  significant enough to warrant changesthis is
  called a Risk Assessment
• Assist the supervisor of the work area to
  determine what the hazard is and what can be done
  to solve the problem
• Risk assessment is a measure of the severity of
  potential harm to the likelihood of that harm
  occurring

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To work out the level of risk, consider the
following

• Severity of the consequences of an accident
• how serious would the injury or illness be?
• how many people are at risk?
• Likelihood of the accident occurring
• has it happened before?
• how often might it happen?
• when is it most likely to happen?

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Identifying Recommendations

• If the assessment shows the hazard is
  significant, recommend controls
• Consider what might be done to decrease the
  likelihood of an accident occurring or the
  severity of the consequences
• Provide as many possible solutions as you can
• For assistance in identifying solutions, contact
  Cate Drum, EHS Officer, CEHSM at 7086

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Check that the hazard is fixed for good

• After the changes are made, supervisors and staff
  should check that there is no further risk of
  injury or illness
• Could anything else be done to make sure there is
  no risk? If so, do it!

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How Do I Know What to Recommend?

• Consider various strategies
• The list discussed further is often referred to
  as the hierarchy of controls
• Eliminate the hazard or substitute it
• Isolate the hazard from the people
• Change the way the job is done
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• The most effective control measures are at the
  top of the list

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Elimination or Substitution

• Use a different less dangerous piece of equipment
• Fix faulty machinery
• Redesign the workplace
• Use safer materials or chemicals
• Reduce energy speed, voltage, sound level, force
• Change process to eliminate noise
• Automate material handling

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Isolate the Hazard from the People

• Redesign the equipment
• Remove dust or fumes with exhaust system
• Use lifting equipment or trolleys
• Machine guarding
• Sound enclosures
• Platforms and guard railing

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Change the Way the Job is Done

• Provide training, information and signs to
  increase awareness
• Implement safe work procedures and control
  programs
• Implement rotation of workers
• Increase equipment inspections and preventive
  maintenance programs

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Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Should be used as a last resort and always in
  conjunction with other controls
• There are specific PPE requirements for each job
• E.g. ear plugs, safety boots, safety glasses,
  dust masks
• Specific PPE training and information may be
  necessary

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What Should You Do?

• It is obviously much better if the hazard has
  been removed so that staff and students are not
  exposed in any way to the potential danger
• Draw attention to the presence of any immediate
  danger
• Shut down and lock out any hazardous items that
  cannot be brought to a safe operating standard
  until repaired

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Responsibilities

• Everyone has the responsibility
• to find and report hazards

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Reporting Hazards

• Report identified hazards to area supervisor or
  lecturer
• Report hazards immediately if they can cause
  death or serious injury/illness OR harm a number
  of people

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Supervisor Duties

• Remember..
• A Supervisor, under the Occupational Health
  Safety Act, means a person who has charge of a
  workplace or authority over a worker

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Supervisors Must Take Action to Fix Hazards

• When a hazard is found or reported, the
  supervisor is responsible for
• Taking action to fix the hazard, and,
• If this is not possible, then taking action to
  minimize the immediate risk to health and safety

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The Inspection Recording Form Report

• Copy all unfinished items from the previous
  report
• Identify the building and room (Eg. JOR-1100)
• List the hazardous condition/practice
• Identify the hazard (Physical, Chemical, etc)
• Identify the Hazard Class (A,B,C)
• Provide a recommended action and identify the
  person to report it tothey get a copy of the
  report

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Reporting Back After the Workplace Inspection

• Have the supervisor of the department review the
  inspection report (within 14 days of the
  inspection date)
• Send an electronic copy to the appropriate
  individuals (see WIP procedure)

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Reporting Back After the Workplace Inspection

• Once all the recommendations have been
  implemented, print off the form, obtain all
  required signatures, and provide an electronic
  copy to
• your supervisor
• Cate Drum, EHS Officer, CEHSM
• The inspection team keeps the original document

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Response To Workplace Inspection Report

• The area supervisor (or their designate) must
  provide an electronic copy responding to all of
  the observed hazards to the Centre for EHS
  Management within 21days after the inspection
• We want to know what actions were taken to
  mitigate the observed hazard
• E.g. Sent email to CPF to fix

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SUMMARY

• Everyone should...
• Look out for hazards
• Report hazards to the supervisor of the work area
• Help fix hazards by providing recommendations
• Take action to avoid, eliminate or minimize risks
• Follow safe work methods and use PPE as required