New TOEFL iBT Spoken English

1
New TOEFL iBTSpoken English

• Lesson Six

2
Warm Up Exercises

• 1. Practice Tongue Twisters

3
Tongue Twister No.1

• A tutor who tooted the flute,
• Tried to tutor two tooters to toot
• Said the two to the tutor,
• Is it easy to toot,
• or tutor two tooters to toot?

4
Tongue Twister No.2

• Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
• If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
• How many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?

5
Tongue Twister No. 3

• She sells sea shells on the sea shore,
• The shells she sells are sea shells Im sure.
• For it she sells sea shells on the sea shore.
• Then Im sure she sells sea shore shells.

6
Tongue Twister No.4

• How much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a
  woodchuck could chuck wood.

7
Tongue Twister No.5

• Spring is gay with flowers and song.
• Summer is hot and the days are long.
• Autumn is rich with fruits and grain.
• Winter brings snow and the New Year again.

8
Tongue Twister No.6

• Morning glory in the sun.
• Here is another day begun.
• Factories open one by one.
• Off to school the children run.
• Work is waiting to be done.

9
Tongue Twister No. 7

• 1) This is the house that Jack built.
• 2) This is the malt that lay in the house that
  Jack built.
• 3) This is the rat that ate the malt that lay in
  the house that Jack built.
• 4) This is the rat that caught the rat that ate
  the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.
• 5) This is the dog that chased the cat that
  caught the rat that ate the malt that lay in the
  house that Jack built.
• 6) This is the cow with the crumpled horn that
  tossed the dog that chased the cat that caught
  the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house
  that Jack built.

10

Simulated Test
What would be your dream job? Use reasons and
details to support your response.
__________________________________________
11
Sample Answer

• My dream job would have to include the
  following three characteristics. First, the job
  should be within my domain of interest. This is
  important because excellence comes from passion,
  while passion comes from interest. Second, the
  job should involve some challenges and requires
  creative solutions. If it is just boring routine
  work and can be done by almost anyone, then there
  is no sense in doing it at all. I want to conquer
  hard rocks and solve problems in a new and
  different way. Third, there should be a
  cooperative team. I want my colleagues to be
  friendly, understanding and helpful. That way I
  will feel relaxed and bring out the best of
  myself.

12

Simulated Test
Do you prefer to write a paper as a final exam or
have a sit-in exam? Use reasons and details to
support your response. ___________________________
_______________
13
Sample Answer

• Well, this is actually a complicated question.
  My preference will vary from occasion to
  occasion. It depends on what kind of subject I am
  studying. If the subjects to be tested are
  fact-based subjects, such as science and
  engineering ones, I would prefer a sit-in exam.
  Because what I need to do is just to learn about
  the facts, truth, or formula by heart and write
  them out to make sure whether I have mastered
  them. I dont have to express my opinions because
  they are simply true and have been put the test
  for years. If, however, I am supposed to study
  subjects in the humanities, I would prefer to
  write a paper, because there is no definite
  answer to the questions therein. I need to learn
  about something and then find relevant materials
  and then formulate my own ideas about it. A paper
  would provide enough time and space for me to
  explore the subject and think for myself.

14
Sample Answer

• The woman has read the announcement at the
  Special Collections Reading Room and found it
  very inconvenient for her. The inconveniences are
  caused by the following reasons. First, the
  reading room will be closed on Mondays, but
  thats the time when she would have enough time
  to do research for her paper. Second, she is in
  the last phase of her research and she needs
  access to the rare books and manuscripts, but
  that room will be closed to the public. Finally,
  she thinks the library administration should move
  the rare books to a temporary location, because
  her paper is due only two weeks after the library
  is reopen.

15

Simulated Test (Longman P439)
Great Ape Communication Quite a few scientific
studies have been conducted on communication by
the great apes, a group of primates composed of
gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans. What has
been concluded in these studies is that the great
apes communicate in a variety of ways that
include, but are not limited to, facial
expressions, gestures with their appendages, and
a variety of calls. The large primates use this
wide variety of methods of communication to
express a broad range of ideas to other members
of their group, such as anger, fear, approaching
danger, dominance over the group, or acceptance
of members into the group.
16
Sample Answer

• In this set of materials, we have learnt
  something about Great Ape communications. In the
  reading passage, we learn that great apes are
  able to conduct a variety of communications with
  the help of facial expression, gestures and
  various calls. They can express fear, anger,
  approaching danger with other members of the
  group. In the listening materials, the professor
  talks about the limitations of the great ape
  communication. There are two basic limitations in
  their communication. No.1 is a lack of
  displacement, which means the great apes are
  unable to talk about things that are not present
  when they are communicating. Limitation No.2 is a
  lack of productivity. That means the great apes,
  even though can communicate certain ideas, cannot
  control the communication by reorganizing their
  facial expressions, gestures or calls to produce
  new meanings

17
Sample Answer

• In the listening passage, the woman was having
  a problem with deciding whether she should go to
  graduate school or start working after graduation
  from college. She hates working and she has
  applied to grad school for a master in fine arts,
  but she is concerned with her mounting student
  debt. They have discussed two possible solutions
  solution number 1 is that she would go to
  graduate school, but she will run into more
  students loans and might not be able to pay them
  off soon solutions number 2 is that she should
  start working in a more general area to gain some
  working experience and pay off some of her debts
  and then she could re-apply to grad school when
  she wants and probably she has already changed
  her interest. I would recommend the second
  solution to her, because education should be
  directed to employment and the woman is simply
  trying to escape the reality. If she has to face
  it anyway, the earlier would be the better.

18
Sample Answer

• In the listening materials, the man doesnt
  know about the guest speaker will give the
  lecture tonight, but assumes he is coming next
  week. The woman tells him about a notice posted
  on the theatre saying that the lecture is
  tonight. They realize that there must have been a
  change in schedule and the notice on the theatre
  is not possibly seen by many students, so they
  decided to set out telling their friends about
  the change of the schedule of the guest speakers
  lecture.

19
Types of Lectures

• 1) A lecture about processes
• the professor might describe its functions.

20
Corresponding Answering Format

• In this talk, the professor has given some
  information about the following process
  _________. The basic functions of this process
  are that
• No.1, ________
• No.2,_______
• No.3,________ etc.

21
Types of Lectures

• 2) A lecture about a theory
• the professor might explain what it is and its
  application.

22
Corresponding Answering Format

• 2) In this lecture, the professor has explained
  to us a theory called ________.
• The theory came about because _______.
• And the theory can be applied to the following
  situations
• No. 1, ________
• No. 2, ________
• No. 3, ________ etc.

23
Types of Lectures

• 3) A lecture about a phenomenon
• the professor might use examples to show its
  causes and effects.

24
Corresponding Answering Format

• 3) In this lecture, the professor talks about the
  phenomenon that ___________.
• This phenomenon is caused by _______.
• And this phenomenon will have an effect on the
  following things.
• No. 1. ______
• No. 2. ______ etc.

25
Types of Lectures

• 4) A lecture about a concept
• the professor might define it by
  classification and exemplification.

26
Corresponding Answering Format

• 4) In this lecture, the professor explained the
  concept/definition of _______.
• This concept/definition falls into the
  following ___ categories. No.1, ____ No.2,
  _____ etc.
• The professor also provided the following
  examples to illustrate this concept of _____. The
  first example is _____
• The second example is _______.

27
Sample Answer to Question 6

• In this lecture, the professor explained
  the forms of money. The forms of money fall into
  the following 2 categories. The first one is a
  narrow definition, in which money only takes the
  form of coins or paper bills. The second one is
  a broad definition, in which money means anything
  that a person uses to purchase something with and
  it is called barter. The professor also
  provided the following examples to illustrate the
  two forms of money. In the first example, you
  give dollars to a taxi driver to buy a taxi ride,
  and the taxi drivers uses the dollars to buy
  vegetables from a farmer. This illustrates the
  first form of money In the second example the
  taxi driver might give a farmer a ride in
  exchange for some vegetables and this is called
  barter. In addition, another concept mentioned
  in the passage is legal tender. It means
  something the law requires sellers to accept as
  payments. Only coins and paper bills are legal
  tenders in America.

28
What should catch your attention?

• Sentence patterns for definition.
• Example markers.
• Wh- words.
• Turing-point signal words.
• Contingency words.
• Tone-softeners

29
1) Defining sentence patterns.

• ?People think of A as B.
• ?A is often referred to as B.
• ?By A, I mean _________.
• ?The term A is defined as _______.
• ?The concept falls into ____ categories.
• ?The concept came into being when ____.

30
2) Example Markers.

• ? For example
• ? For instance
• ? such as
• ? take ______ as an example
• ? a case in point is _______
• ? in the case of _______

31
3) Wh- words

• ? What?
• ? When?
• ? Where?
• ? Why?
• ? How?
• ? Which?

32
4) Turning-point signal words

• ? But,
• ? However
• ? Nevertheless
• ? although
• ? while
• ? on the contrary, on the other hand

33
5) Contingency Words

• ? because, since, for, due to the fact that,
  because of,
• ? therefore, so, as a result, consequently
• ? lead to, result in,
• ? indeed, as a matter of fact, actually

34
6) Tone-Softeners

• ? to some extent
• ? tend to
• ? be inclined to do
• ? can
• ? may, might

35

Longman ComprehensiveP581.16.1
Now listen to the passage carefully.
36

Longman ComprehensiveP581.16.1
Use points from the talk to explain how the Bank
Holiday came into being?
37
Sample Answer

• In this lecture, the professor talks about a
  special Holiday named Bank Holiday. This Bank
  Holiday was caused by a serious banking disaster
  in the 1930s when many banks were closed.
  President Roosevelt found a solution called Bank
  Holidaywhen banks will be closed to reorganize
  its system. The government also passed a bill to
  give people a deposit insurance by the federal
  government. This solution turned out to be very
  effective. First, the number of failing banks
  decreased sharply Second, the people avoided
  losing money because of the federal deposit
  insurance.

38

Longman ComprehensiveP581.16.2
Now listen to the passage carefully.
39

Longman ComprehensiveP581.16.2
Use points from the talk to explain what
constitutes creativity?
40
Sample Answer

• In this lecture, the professor talks about
  creativity. Even though different researchers
  have listed different characteristics of
  creativity, there are two widely accepted
  components originality and appropriateness.
  Originality means you have to solve a problem in
  a new and different way that no one has ever
  found before. Appropriateness means your solution
  should be suitable and should be able to solve
  the problem without offending people.

41

Longman ComprehensiveP581.16.3
Now listen to the passage carefully.
42

Longman ComprehensiveP581.16.3
Use points from the talk to explain why the huge
river in South America is named Amazon?
43
Sample Answer

• In this lecture, the professor explained to us
  why the huge river in South America is called the
  Amazon. There are, actually, two sources
  contributing to the formation of this name.
  Source No. 1 says that the name comes from the
  original inhabitants beside the river. They
  called it Amazunu, which is quite similar to
  the modern name Amazon. Source No.2 says that
  this name comes from the 16th-century chronicle
  of the European exploration of the river. In the
  chronicle, some very brave female warriors are
  just as courageous as those in ancient Greek
  literature who were named Amazon. Thus, this
  name, with the native name, Amazunu, together
  formed the modern name Amazon.

44
Other Techniques

• Ways to fill in the speech slots.
• How to prepare at home?
• How to use movies.
• How to use the Internet.

45
1. Ways to fill in the speech slots

• You know
• actually I mean,
• as a matter of fact
• well
• most probably
• which is quite obvious

46
2. How to prepare at home

• Use the books at hand.
• Try answering all the questions in the exercises.
  
• Time your response.
• Learn by heart the listening materials in your
  books.

47
3. How to use movies

• Find the appropriate movies
• List of recommended movies
• Scent of a woman ???
• Pay it forward?????
• Felicity ?????
• Desperate Housewives?????
• Friends ???
• Prison Break??

48
4. How to use the Internet

• Learn to use search engines
• www.google.com
• 2) Recommended websites
• www.neworiental.org
• www.imdb.com
• www.imsdb.com