Title: KNOWLEDGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND ARCHITECTURE OF KNOWLEDGE virtual cartography and mapping cyberspace
1KNOWLEDGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND ARCHITECTURE OF
KNOWLEDGEvirtual cartography and mapping
cyberspace
- Cultural and Heritage Communication Course
- 24-25 September Cortona
- Charles van den Heuvel
2Virtual Cartography and Mapping Cyberspace
- Thematic cartography
- Urban cartography
- Urban cartography - GIS
- Virtual cartography digitizing maps
- Virtual cartography truth of maps
- Cartography of Cyberspace
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9Historic Town Atlases
- The international Commission for the History of
Towns
Atlas historique des villes europeenes
Centre de Cultura Contemporania de Barcelona
10Historic Town Atlases
- Started in 1955, format rules 1968
- Cadastral plan (four colours) 12500
- Situation early 19th century 150.000
- Modern plan in colour 15000
- Eighteen countries 280 towns
11Atlas historique des villes europeenes
- Started in 1994
- 10 volume project, Spain and France finished
- Part 1 Thematic maps on national level
- Part 2 Thematic maps on local level
- Pre-industrial period until 1800
- Beginning 19th Century until 1940
- 1945 recent plans
12Disadvantages of cadastral plans
- Plans on different scales
- Different orientations
- Several geometrical bases
- Island maps (not drawn to borders)
- Only image of property
- Measures no steady for characteristics paper
- Not transparent makes copying
- difficult
Source E. Koster, Stadsmorfologie, Groningen 2001
13Geographical Information Systems
- GIS systems use
- digital maps with
- databases and
- analytical capabilities
14GIS - characteristics
- The spatial data can be ordered hierachically in
categories and sub-categories - The spatial data have a location in relation to a
chosen point - The data are related to spatial primitives like
length, scale, surface, but also forms and
patterns - Relations can be topological, proximal or
directional compared to other locations
Source E. Koster, Stadsmorfologie, Groningen 2001
15GIS -models
- Object oriented spatial model
- Location oriented spatial model
16Bitmap
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18Reliability and Veracity in Virtual Historic
Urban CartographyThe choice of maps and
atlases in historical research
19Democratisation of cartography no longer does
the map user depend on what the cartographer puts
on the map. Today the user is the cartographer.
- Source J.L. Morrison, Topographic mapping for
the 21st Century, - in D.Rhind, Framework of the world, Cambridge 1997
20Seeing wrong and Not Seeing
- Source Alan MacEachren, Approaches to truth in
geographic visualization
21Mercator
Peters
Orthographic
Reliability Distortions of Projections
22Veracity
Distortions of Truth
23Evaluation of cartographical sources Harley
(1968)
- Evidence on Maps
- Evidence about Maps
- Evidence of Maps
24Levels of historical evidence Koeman 1968 - 1
- First highest level
- Map or chart must be the one and only mode of
expression of a historical phenomenon or fact of
the very nature of the phenomenon itself - Second level
- The maps of chart is the one and only recording
because writing was not yet practised - Third level
- The map of chart is the one and only adequate
mode of expression of facts otherwise reported,
for want of evidence in other forms
25Levels of historical evidence Koeman 1968 - 2
- Fourth level
- The map is one and only adequate mode, although
evidence of other forms exists - Fifth level
- The map is not the most adequate mode, but the
most reliable recording - Sixth level
- The map is neither adequate, nor reliable but
confirms other (written) sources
26Evaluation of Cartographical sources Van
Mingroot (1984)
- Historical heuristics
- (searching for sources in an organized way)
- Historical critical interpretation
- (internal/external criteria)
- Historical synthesis
- (a historical survey)
27Typology (formal)- Van Mingroot
- Schematic
- Textual
- Domain
- Toponymic
- Chorographic
- Figurative
- Narrative
- Technical
28Maps are changing from being final products
presenting spatial information to interim
products that facilitate visual thinking
- Source M.J. Kraak, The Web, Maps and Society,
GISRUK 6th National Conference (1998)
29Cyberspace
- The term cyberspace means navigable space and
is derived from the Greek word kyber (to
navigate) - The term was used for the first time in the novel
Neuromancer (1984) written by - William Gibson
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31Cartography of Cyberspace
- Mapping the Net
- Mapping Infrastructure and Traffic
- Website Maps
- Conceptual Maps/Topology Maps
- The Image of Cyberspace
32Mapping the Net
Sourcehttp//mappa.mundi.net/maps/maps_020/walrus
.html
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34Mapping Usenet
Source Treemap visualization of USENET
newsgroups created by Marc Smith and Andrew Fiore
as part of the Netscan Project at Microsoft
Research.
35Virtual Communities
36Mapping infrastructure and traffic
Source Bell Lab Lucent Stephen Eick
37Source http//www.asymptote.net/
38Website Maps
39Visualizing Hypertext Citations
40Social Groups of Interest
41One day in the life of five interconnected people
Source http//www.geog.tamu.edu/faculty/adams
42Talking in circles
43OtletsOrder of Concepts
44Otlet and Nathan Shedroff