Chapter 42 : The Deuterstomes

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Chapter 42 The Deuterstomes The Chordates
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Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata Ceph
alochordata Vertebrata
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Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata Ceph
alochordata Vertebrata
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Phylum Chordata Characteristics 1) a
notochord 2) a dorsal, hollow nerve cord 3)
pharyngeal gill slits 4) a muscular, postanal
tail
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4 characteristics of Chordates
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Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata Ceph
alochordata Vertebrata
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Urochordata and Cephalochordata are invertebrate
chordates
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Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata Ceph
alochordata Vertebrata
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Vertebrates are characterized by 1) Neural
crest 2) pronounced cephalization 3) a
vertebral column 4) a closed circulatory system
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Overview of Chordate Phylogeny
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Overview of Chordate Phylogeny
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Overview of Chordate Phylogeny
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Superclass Agnatha The jawless vertebrates
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Overview of Chordate Phylogeny
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Two important evolutionary steps furthered the
diversity and resources used by vertebrates 1)
Jaws 2) Two Paired appendages
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Jaws evolved from pharyngeal gill slits
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Example of modern jawed, paired appendage, no
lung organism
Class Chondrichthyes
Cartilaginous endoskeleton
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Overview of Chordate Phylogeny
Lungs and Lung derivatives
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Bony Fishes (class Osteichthyes) Swim Bladder
an air sac that helps control
buoyancy in fish
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Overview of Chordate Phylogeny
Next Big Innovation Legs
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First vertebrates on land were Amphibians Legs
evolved in the ancestor of this group
Oldest Amphibians date to Late Devonian about
365mya
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was
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Examples of Amphibians
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Overview of Chordate Phylogeny
Next Big Innovation Amniotic Egg
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The Amniotic Egg allowed vertebrates to further
explore terrestrial habitats Why?
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The Amniotic Egg allowed vertebrates to further
explore terrestrial habitats because it
allowed embryonic development to be
completed in the absence of water thus
enabling complete terrestrialism
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Amniotic egg provides nutrients and protection
Pg. 693
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Modern Reptiles
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Gave rise to all other vertebrates
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Which classification?
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Endotherm Uses metabolic Energy to Regulate
Body temp

• Ectotherms
• uses Environmental Energy to
• Regulate body temperature

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Polyphyletic vs. monophyletic?
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Overview of Chordate Phylogeny
An adaptive Innovation Flight
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Flight adaptations
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Origin of Birds Share a common ancestor with
Dinosaurs
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• -A bird-like
• Reptile
• an intermediate
• Lineage between
• Birds and dinosaurs

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Overview of Chordate Phylogeny
Mammals and Hair
Mammals date back to Triassic, 220mya
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3 major groups of mammals 1) Monotremes
egg-laying mammals 2) Marsupials pouched
mammals 3) Eutherians placental
mammals evolved about 70 mya, during the
late Cretaceous
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Phylogeny of Mammals
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Evolved to fill similar niches
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Primates and the phylogenyof Homo sapiens
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• Primate Ancestor Features
• First primates evolved from insectivores in
  Cretaceous
• Early primates were small arboreal mammals
• Adaptations to tree life
• -Limber shoulder joints
• -dexterous hands
• -eyes close together
• -Parental care

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Two groups of modern primates Prosimians and
Anthropoids
Similar to Tree dwelling ancestors
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Monkeys
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New World Old World
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Apes
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