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Oceanography

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The pacific ocean is the largest of all oceans covering ... Certain bacteria thrive off of it. Then this bacteria is food for things like plankton, larvae ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Oceanography


1
Oceanography
  • Ch 17

2
The Water Planet
3
The Water Planet
  • Covered by one hydrosphere
  • Five parts to the ocean

4
Pacific Ocean
  • The pacific ocean is the largest of all oceans
    covering 63,186,000 square miles ( a little more
    than half of the worlds ocean water)
  • Covering almost 30 of the Earths surface

5
Atlantic Ocean
  • Second largest extending the longest distance
    from north to south

6
Indian Ocean
  • Was first known as the Indian Sea until the
    1500s then they changed it to an Ocean
  • The third largest

7
Arctic Ocean
  • The smallest of oceans in the Northern Region of
    the Earth

8
Antarctic Ocean
  • The second smallest located in the southern
    region of the Earth

9
Ocean Depth Compared to Elevation
  • The average ocean Depth is 4 times greater then
    the average elevation on Earth

10
Land vs Ocean
11
Father of Oceanography
  • Lt. Matthew Fontaine Maury of the US Navy
  • Wrote the first English version book on the ocean

12
Alvin who?
13
Salinity Of Sea Water
14
Salinity
  • Is a measure of the dissolved solids in sea water
  • The main component of sea water in common salt,
    or Sodium Chloride.
  • The average salinity in the oceans is 35 parts
    per 1000 parts of sea water.

15
Salinity changes How?
  • Below average
  • In areas of high rainfall
  • Where glaciers enter the water at the mouths of
    the rivers
  • Baltic Sea has only 30 parts of dissolved salts,
    due to the fact that many rivers and glaciers
    drain into it
  • Above average
  • In Areas that are Hot and Dry
  • Polar regions
  • Due to freshwater freezing

16
Why is it important to know temp, salinity and
density of water?
  • Salinity, this is important in determine the
    water masses
  • When the temperature of the water is know it
    allows the scientist to use it in conjunction
    with the salinity and find the density of the
    water.
  • Density, is important to understand how water
    masses move through the ocean and mix together.

17
Composition of Sea Water
18
Mining the Ocean Water
  • There are so many elements found in the ocean
    BUT
  • IT IS SO EXPENSIVE TO MINE IT THAT IT IS NOT
    WORTH IT!

19
The Temperature of Ocean Water
20
Heating the Oceans
  • The sun is the main source of energy and heating
    for the oceans
  • The light doesnt penetrate far into the water
    which is why the water cools fast the depth
    increases.
  • Because of this there are Three Layers in the
    oceans

21
The Three Layers of the Ocean
  • Mixed layer the surface layer the area is one
    in which the wind and waves mix the heat
    throughout this layer
  • Can extend from depths of 100 meters to even 300
    meters along the equator regions
  • The average temperature of this layer is 30
    degrees Celsius (varying around the poles as well
    as the equator)

22
The Three Layers
  • Thermocline, the region below the mix layer,
    these temperature drop rapidly throughout this
    layer
  • Temperatures in this layer are very cold even
    along the equator (there temperatures could even
    read 5 degrees Celsius)

23
The last of the Three Layers
  • Deep Water, the area below the thermocline
  • This area is pretty consistent with the
    temperature a chilling 2 degrees Celsius,
    pretty much year round.

24
Are there always three layers
  • NO
  • In the polar regions the water is always colder
    not allowing three different zones
  • Also inland there are some areas where the
    polar waters dont mix in
  • This allows the bottom layers of the ocean to
    read about 12 degrees Celsius
  • Straits of Gibraltar

25
Graph of the three layers
26
Life in the Ocean
  • Besides all the animals you see what is there
    that you dont see?
  • Phytoplankton
  • Diatoms
  • zooplankton
  • All of these need oxygen to convert their food
    into energy

27
Phytoplankton
  • Live in the mixed layer
  • The most important plant group in the ocean
  • Produce there own food, from sunlight and energy
  • They are floaters and drifters they go where
    the waves and currents take them

28
Diatoms
  • One shelled organisms that build up a shell of
    silica
  • Some make two shells that fit together like a
    pill box

29
Zooplankton
  • Feed on phytoplankton
  • They are the major food source for all animals in
    the ocean feeding everything from small fishes
    to large whales (invertebrates, and some
    plants/corals as well)
  • Found in the mixed layer

30
Black Smokers
  • 380 degrees Celsius water erupts from chimney
    like structures
  • This happens when cold water hit the hot basalt
    now hot the water dissolves minerals in the
    basalt and forms gases

31
What are the black clouds?
  • These clouds form when the hot water erupts and
    reacts with the surrounding sea water to form
    clouds of black iron sulfide particles.
  • The hydrogen sulfide gas is good!
  • Certain bacteria thrive off of it.
  • Then this bacteria is food for things like
    plankton, larvae .
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