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BIRDS CLASS AVES

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OSTRICH. can exceed 100 kg. ARCHOSAURS. CROCODILES. PTEROSAURS. DINOSAURS & BIRDS ... Emu Ostrich. PALAEOGNATHS (b): Weakly flying Tinamous. 47. NEOGNATHS ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: BIRDS CLASS AVES


1
BIRDS(CLASS AVES)
2
SPECIES
Richard Bowdler-Sharpe 1847-1909
3
SPECIES
4
SMALLESTBEE HUMMINGBIRDc. 1.8 g
5
A one pound coin weighs 9.8 g
6
BLUE TIT
7
LARGESTOSTRICHcan exceed 100 kg
8
ARCHOSAURS
  CROCODILES PTEROSAURS DINOSAURS BIRDS
9
DEFINED BY
  •  
  • feathers consisting mainly of keratin
  •  

10
LIVING HAVE
  • lower jaw of single bone
  •  
  • a secondary (hard) palate
  •  
  • four-chambered heart 

11
LIVING LACK
  • teeth
  • bony tail
  •  
  • muscular diaphragm
  •  
  •  

12
MOST FLY
  •  
  •  

About 123 out of over 10,000 species are
secondarily flightless
13
FLYING
  •  
  •  
  • Unusually light for size
  • Pneumatic bones
  • Air sacs one way flow in lungs
  • Weight centralised

14
MORE KEYFEATURES
  •  
  •  
  • Hard-shelled amniote eggs
  • Never viviparous virtually
  • all have to incubate eggs
  • Main senses sight sound

15
TWO SUB-CLASSES
16
PALAEOGNATHS (a) Flightless Ratites 10
 
Emu Ostrich
17
PALAEOGNATHS (b) Weakly flying Tinamous
47
 
18
NEOGNATHS
All others
 
gt 9,600
Gamebirds Wildfowl
gt 425
19
THE OTHER NEOGNATHS
24 orders 3 embarrassments! 21 orders
in seven series
 
20
THE OTHER NEOGNATHS
24 orders 3 embarrassments!
2 exceed 75 species 21 orders
in seven series 12 in five series exceed 75
species
 
21
EMBARRASSING NEOGNATHS
Two groups exceeding 75 species
PARROTS CUCKOOS
 
22
TWO LARGEST NEOGNATH SERIES
NEAR-PASSERINES Kingfishers,
etc. Jacamars Woodpeckers PASSERINES or
SONGBIRDS Sub-oscines Oscines
 
23

NEAR-PASSERINES Kingfishers, etc.
 
24
NEAR-PASSERINES Jacamars

 
25

NEAR-PASSERINES Woodpeckers
 
26

PASSERINES or SONGBIRDS Over half of all birds
in this Order Two very unequal
groups Sub-oscines few Oscines many
 
27

SUB-OSCINES
Muscles of syrinx not connected to bronchial
bones Simple songs Mainly South America
 
28

OSCINES
Muscles of syrinx attached to extremities of
bronchial semi-rings Songs often
complex Global
 
29
NEOGNATHS

Palaeo. Gamebirds 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 Wildfowl
 
rRNA tree
Mobile Palate
30
NEAR-PASSERINES PASSERINES

Palaeo. Gamebirds 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 Wildfowl
 
31

PRECOCIAL ALTRICIAL
 
Incubation Young more costly
vulnerable
32


Palaeo. Gamebirds 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 Wildfowl
 
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