General Features and Major Evolutionary Trends of Apes and Humans

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General Features and Major Evolutionary Trends of
Apes and Humans (Hominoidea)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 131
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First, Some Important Terms
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Anthropoids all living and extinct monkeys,
apes and humans
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Anthropoids
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Anthropoids
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Hominoids all living and extinct apes and
humans
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Hominoids
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Hominoids
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Hominids modern humans and their nearest
predecessors
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Hominids
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Hominids
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Hominids
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Hominids (Hominidae)

• Hominids are modern humansand their nearest
  predecessors

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Hominids

• Useful markers of the earliest
• hominids
• reduced canine length . . .
• adaptations for bipedalism . . .

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Hominids
. . . in the final analysis only the evidence
of habitual bipedalism unmistakably marks a
fossil species as hominid.
-- Campbell-Loy, p. 188
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Hominids
Genus
Family

• Hominidae
• (Hominids)

• Australopithecus . . .
• Paranthropus . . .
• (maybe)
• Homo . . .

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Hominids

• Over-all Comparisons
• Gibbon
• Orangutan
• Chimpanzee
• Gorilla
• Modern Human

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gibbons
humans
bonobos
chimps
orangutans
gorillas
Campbell and Loy, Humankind Emerging, 8th ed, p.
138f
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General Features and Major Evolutionary Trends of
Apes and Humans (Hominoidea)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 131
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General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
1. As a group the apes have been the subject of
much mythology and many misconceptions
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Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 168
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General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans

• 2. Dental apes
• probably originated in the early Oligocene

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Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 183
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General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans

• Dental apes are apes with monkey-like bodies
  who did not hang or swing

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General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans

• Dental apes are
• Oligocene Anthropoids

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Next Oligocene Anthropoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 191