Development of a New Simulation Software for Visual Ergonomy of a Cockpit

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Development of a New Simulation Software for
Visual Ergonomy of a Cockpit

• Pascal MARTINEZ

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Author team

• OPTIS Optics Software development
• Jacques Delacour (President)
• Pascal Martinez (Vice-President)
• Laurent Fournier Eric Humbert (Physicist
  Software Dvt)
• Gunther Hasna (Benchmark Group Manager)
• NEMOPTIC LCD manufacturer
• Jean-François LEGAY (Engineer)
• IMNSSA Military Medical Department
• Jean-Pierre MENU (Specialist in vision in
  aeronautics co-author of  Operational Colour
  Vision in The Modern Aviation Environment)

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Light is everywhere!
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OPTIS Solutions
Optics
Photometry Colorimetry
Environment lighting
Physics based Photo-realism
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The Needs we address

• More and more information are displayed in a
  cockpit. Harnessing color and light environment
  is the key to
• Improve detection
• Avoid tiredness
• For safety reasons, these information must be
  clear and readable
• What level of light? Which color?
• How uniform ? How big ? Which resolution?
• And to answer what if
• The sun was in a given direction?
• I use Head-Up displays, Night Vision Devices

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A380 Cockpit
A380 cockpit Courtesy of Airbus Industry
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Goal of this development

• Simulate the lighting environment of a cockpit
• Evaluate the light level and color for displayed
  information
• Determine the effect of the ambient light
• Simulate the effect of the sun / landing lights
• Simulate the physiological human vision
• Simulate the eye response to light/color
• Simulate the eye perception
• Analyze a detectable/non detectable signal

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Software Environment

• CAD/CAM software compatible via native format
  files and STEP, IGES
• Integrated in CATIA V5 environment
• Based on our SPEOS photometry simulation software
  (used by Dassault Aviation / BAE / EADS / Lear)
• Based on Nemoptic and CNRS research center for
  LCD modules simulation
• Using OPTIS Extended optical library of
  materials, surface qualities and sources

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Problem definition

• There are many issues to solve during the
  development process of a cockpit
• the choice of display technology CRT, LCD.
• the use of ISO visual standards related to the
  use of color on displays.
• the position of the displays and information
• the problem of contrast reduction due to
  reflected ambient light
• the problem of contrast reduction due to direct
  light and background
• the detection of information
• Night Vision Devices

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Algorithm
Instruments
3D SCENE (CAD/CAM) optical properties
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OPTIS Photometric simulation

• More than 10 years RD in simulation of
• Light emission (incandescent, discharge, LED,
  sun, Black bodies, LCD)
• Optical propagation (spectral absorbing and
  diffusing material air, fog, )
• Photons/Matter interaction (diffusion, BRDF,
  BTDF, color, )
• Based on an optimized Monte-Carlo approach
• Fully spectral approach from UV to IR

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Photometric simulation
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Colorimetry Visual standards

• Results are compared to International standards
• ISO part 8 of ISO 9241
• Military standards
• MIL-S-22885
• Specifications compliance

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CRT LCD display models

• First model for CRT LCD Integrators
• Emittance spectral BMP
• 3D Intensity distribution (IES format file)
• Glass material and coating
• Total emitted flux

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CRT LCD display models (2)

• For display system designer
• Backlighting ( LCD)

• Handling of light guides complex geometry coming
  from CAD/CAM software, adding thousands of
  evolutive 3D patterns for the backlighting

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CRT LCD display models (3)

• For display system designer
• (Backlighting ) LCD

• LCD simulation (OptisNemoptic) handling
• the physical behavior of the liquid crystal
• Polarization effects
• Transmitted and reflected light effects

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Color washout

• SPEOS computes the multiple light reflection into
  the 3D system, coming from all the sources
• After hitting the window of the display, light
  will be partly diffused onto the direction of the
  pilote
• This additionnal light will impact the contrast
  of the displayed information

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Color Washout (results)
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Eye model Response to light

• High range of dynamic 10-6 to 108 cd/m²
• Two kind of photoreceptors
• Cones (Color cells) red, green and blue sensitive
  type in central vision
• Luminosity cells in peripheral vision

Day vision
5.10-2 cd/m²
0.35 cd/m²
0.7 cd/m²
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Eye model Detection

• Ambient light generates
• Contrast reduction of the display (seen)
• Loss of sensitivity adaptation of the eye
• High level of luminance scene

Photometric response before applying eye model
Eye model the grey cross is not detected
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Cockpit Simulation Day
Sun effect on the retinae
Left part Ambient light
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Cockpit Simulation Night
Night vision on the retinae
Left part Ambient light
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Eye Model spatial response

• It is the angular response of the eye, depending
  on
• The distance to the fovea
• The level of light

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Cockpit Simulation - Night
Original result
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Eye Model focusing

• In a 3D scene, when looking at a precise spot,
  the eye is making a focus adaptation on this
  point. Other part are becoming flou

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Validation

• Photometric models have been fully validated on
  industrial applications
• Easy to isolate Photometric/Physiologic points
• Physiological models are based on experiments
  litterature
• Difficult to isolate Eye process / Brain process
• Possible to take into account vision defects,
  age, presence of goggles

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Conclusion

• OPTIS now introduces the first Visual Ergonomics
  Simulation Software which is the meeting point of
  
• Simulation
• CAD/CAM
• Ergonomics
• Solution based on a unique 12 years RD program
  on photometric simulation
• Available now as a standalone package
• Integrated in Catia V5 in the next 6 months for
  CATIA and MSC.Software users
• OPTIS / Visual Ergonomics will provide
  aeronautics engineers with a communication tool
  with pilots and focus groups of passengers

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OPTIS / Visual Ergonomics

• Thanks for your attention
• www.optis-world.com