Good Morning

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Good Morning!!!
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Lets Meet and Greet

• How many of you know people from another school
  district, a faculty member, or a student?
• Lets do a little hands-on inquiry
• Take a minute to meet and greet at least one
  person with a hand shake.

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Now that weve been all acquainted, lets get
started with todays topic
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Infectious Diseases
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Objectives

• Define infectious disease
• Identify causes of infectious disease
• Describe the effects infectious diseases have on
  children and adults
• Implement prevention methods to avoid contracting
  infectious diseases

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What is an Infectious Disease?

• According to The American Heritage Stedmans
  Medical Dictionary
• An infectious disease is a disease caused by
  microorganism or other agent, such as a
  bacterium, fungus, or virus, that enters the body
  of the organism1.

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Another name for Infectious Disease?
Another name for an Infectious Disease is
Communicable Disease due to their potentiality
of transmission from one person or species to
another2.
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Classifications of Infectious Microorganisms3

• Primary Pathogens cause disease as a result of
  their presence or activity within the normal,
  healthy host, and how severe the disease they
  cause.
• Opportunistic Pathogens cause an infectious
  disease in a host with depressed resistance.

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What are germs?

• Germs (also known as microbes) are tiny
  organisms (living things) that may cause
  disease4.
• However, we have good germs to help us digest
  our food4.

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4 Types of Infectious Diseases

• Viral infectious diseases A virus (from the
  Latin virus meaning "toxin" or "poison"), is a
  sub-microscopic infectious agent that is unable
  to grow or reproduce outside a host cell5.
• Bacterial infectious diseases (singular
  bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms.
  Typically a few micrometers in length, bacteria
  have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres
  to rods and spirals6.
• Parasitic infectious diseases type of symbiotic
  relationship between organisms of different
  species in which one, the parasite, benefits from
  a prolonged, close association with the other,
  the host, which is harmed. In general, parasites
  are much smaller than their hosts, show a high
  degree of specialization for their mode of life
  and reproduce more quickly and in greater numbers
  than their hosts7.
• Fungal infectious diseases is a eukaryotic
  (cells are organized into complex structures
  enclosed within membranes) organism that is a
  member of the kingdom Fungi8.

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List of infectious diseases9

• Viral infectious diseases
• AIDS AIDS Related Complex Chickenpox
  (Varicella) Common cold Cytomegalovirus
  Infection Colorado tick fever Dengue fever
  Ebola hemorrhagic fever Hand, foot and mouth
  disease Hepatitis Herpes simplex Herpes
  zoster HPV Influenza (Flu) Lassa fever
  Measles Marburg hemorrhagic fever Infectious
  mononucleosis Mumps Norovirus Poliomyelitis
  Progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy
  Rabies Rubella SARS Smallpox (Variola)
  Viral encephalitis Viral gastroenteritis
  Viral meningitis Viral pneumonia West Nile
  disease Yellow fever
• Bacterial infectious diseases
• Anthrax Bacterial Meningitis Botulism
  Brucellosis Campylobacteriosis Cat Scratch
  Disease Cholera Diphtheria Epidemic Typhus
  Gonorrhea Impetigo Legionellosis Leprosy
  (Hansen's Disease) Leptospirosis Listeriosis
  Lyme disease Melioidosis Rheumatic
  FeverMRSA infection Nocardiosis Pertussis
  (Whooping Cough) Plague Pneumococcal
  pneumonia Psittacosis Q fever Rocky
  Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Salmonellosis
  Scarlet Fever Shigellosis Syphilis Tetanus
  Trachoma Tuberculosis Tularemia Typhoid
  Fever Typhus Urinary Tract Infections
• Parasitic infectious diseases
• African trypanosomiasis Amebiasis Ascariasis
  Babesiosis Chagas Disease Clonorchiasis
  Cryptosporidiosis Cysticercosis
  Diphyllobothriasis Dracunculiasis
  Echinococcosis Enterobiasis Fascioliasis
  Fasciolopsiasis Filariasis Free-living amebic
  infection Giardiasis Gnathostomiasis
  Hymenolepiasis Isosporiasis Kala-azar
  Leishmaniasis Malaria Metagonimiasis
  Myiasis Onchocerciasis Pediculosis Pinworm
  Infection Scabies Schistosomiasis Taeniasis
  Toxocariasis Toxoplasmosis Trichinellosis
  Trichinosis Trichuriasis Trichomoniasis
  Trypanosomiasis
• Fungal infectious diseases
• Aspergillosis Blastomycosis Candidiasis
  Coccidiodomycosis Cryptococcois
  Histoplasmosis Tinea pedis.

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Worldwide Mortality Due to Infectious Dieseases10
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How does infectious diseaseseffect others?
Sources of transmission of infectious
diseases11 1.) Physical Contact 2.) Liquids 3.) B
ody Fluids 4.) Contaminated Objects (Shaking
Hands) 5.) Airborne Inhalation (Sneezing without
covering your nose/mouth). 6.) Insect Bites12
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Ask yourself this question

• Does everyone wash their hands after they use the
  restroom?

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According to CNN

• The Dirty Truth
• Percentage of people who said they wash their
  hands after using a public restroom vs.
  percentage who actually did
• Men 92 vs. 58Women 97 vs. 75
• http//archives.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/09/18/hand.was
  hing/

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Activity 2 Germs!

• Lets see how many germs are on your hands!
• Students will bring around some GlitterBug
  Potion. After you receive the Potion, rub it over
  your hands and allow to air dry.
• Proceed to the front with your school to put your
  hands under the UV light. The white stuff on
  your hands is simulated germs.
• After viewing your hands under the UV light,
  please use the restroom across the hall to wash
  your handsthere is anti-bacterial soap provided
  for you to use.
• After returning from washing your hands, go back
  to the UV light and see how well your washed your
  hands.

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Other things with germs we never thought to
consider
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What about germs in your favorite motels?

• http//www.divinecaroline.com/article/22250/39039

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Who was Typhoid Mary?
Mary Mallon (a.k.a Typhoid Mary) was an
asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever. Over the
course of her career as a cook, she infected 53
people, three of whom died13.
Image from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageMal
lon-Mary_01.jpg
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Prevention of Infectious Diseases

• The biggest way to prevent Infectious Diseases
  from spreading is to
• WASH YOUR HANDS!!

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Hands should be washed with soap14

• Before, during, and after preparing food.
• Before eating food.
• After using the restroom.
• After coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose.
• After changing diapers, handling money, handling
  trash, petting pets, after work,
• After coming in contact with body fluids, when
  you are sick, and when your hands are dirty.

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Proper Techniques to Wash Your Hands14
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For those who like a demonstration15

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vloF_yl9QR2Q

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How about hand-sanitizers and anti-bacterial
soaps?

• According to an article in Newsweek, Hand
  sanitizers don't necessarily work as well as soap
  and water. The effectiveness of alcohol-based
  gels like Purell depends on the type and amount
  of germs that they are up against. In general,
  the longer it's been since you've washed with
  soap and water, the less effective a hand
  sanitizer is likely to be. Proteinaceous and
  fatty materials (commonly found in any kitchen)
  are especially resistant to alcohol-based gels.
  The Centers for Disease Control guidelines that
  recommended hand sanitizers as a suitable
  alternative to hand washing were intended only
  for health-care settings, where doctors and
  nurses wash their hands several times an hour,
  providing the gels with a relatively clean
  surface to work on16.

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Anti-Bacterial Soaps?

• The GOOD news Antibacterial agents are doing
  the job on 99 percent of the germs! They wreak
  havoc on certain bacteria17.
• The BAD news they dont touch viruses, and
  viruses account for a very large part of
  illnesses. The various products also are limited
  in the time they actually are effective. It
  hasnt been proven exactly how long they will
  work, but as soon as your clean hands touch
  anything else, you arent protected anymore17.
• Even WORSE news some experts are concerned
  about the long-term problems with the use of
  these agents. Just as our overuse of oral
  antibiotics is creating bacteria that are
  resistant to antibiotics, researchers are worried
  that we are seeing the development of super
  bugs that are resistant to triclosan. These
  super bugs are immune to disease-fighting
  efforts17.
• Another problem investigators note is that by
  the actual means we are using to create a
  germ-free environment in our homes, we are
  reducing the bodys own ability to fight the
  infections17.

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How can you be sure there is an infectious
disease?

• A microbial culture is the most often used to
  diagnose infectious disease17.
• In a microbial culture, a growth medium is
  provided for a specific agent17.
• Each bacterial culture has its own
  characteristics.

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Activity 3 Microbial Culture Swabbing
You will be collecting the following and
transferring into a Microbiological Culture
Your hands before and after washing Your mouth
before and after rinsing with antiseptic mouth
wash 6 different locations of your choice
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Data Collection Sheet

• Included in your envelope. Please fill out
  information. You will need this sheet for when
  you do your observations on Thursday.

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Your Box Kit Includes

• 10 culture plates already poured for you.
• 10 sterile swabs
• Tape
• Marker (Please return when you are finished)
• Directions (in your envelope).
• Cup
• Marker

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Directions Clean Hands/Dirty Hands(look at the
bottom of the page)
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Directions Clean Mouth/Dirty Mouth (look at the
bottom of the page)
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Directions Which Item Has The Most Bacteria?
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WARNING

• Do NOT stick the swab in your mouth to moisten
  your swab!!!
• Use the cup in your box to get water to moisten
  your swab

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When you are finished

• Make sure all your Petri dishes are taped shut
  and are labeled.
• Place your Petri dishes back into your box and
  make sure your school name is on the outside of
  the box.---Keep your data sheet in your box.
• All used materials such as your swabs and cups
  should be disposed of.
• Please return your marker to the front of the
  room (the 5 finger discount DOES NOT apply
  today)?
• Please remain in the room until instructed to
  leave for lunch.

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Recap

• An infectious disease is a disease caused by
  microorganism or other agent, such as a
  bacterium, fungus, or virus, that enters the body
  of the organism1.
• Also known as Communicable Disease2.

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Recap

• Microorganisms are classified as Primary or
  Opportunistic Pathogens3.
• A Germ is (also known as microbes) are tiny
  organisms (living things) that may cause
  disease4.
• 4 Types of Infectious Diseases
• Viral, Bacterial, Parasitic, and Fungal

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Recap

• The number 1 cause of death due to infectious
  diseases in 2002 was
• Lower Respiratory Infections.
• Sources of transmission of infectious diseases
• Physical Contact, Liquids, Body Fluids,
  Contaminated Objects (Shaking Hands), Airborne
  Inhalation (Sneezing without covering your
  nose/mouth), and Insect Bites.

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Recap

• The best way to prevent the transfer of
  infectious diseases is to wash your hands.
• You should wash your hands Before, during, and
  after preparing food, before eating food, after
  using the restroom, after coughing, sneezing, or
  blowing your nose, after changing diapers,
  handling money, handling trash, petting pets,
  after work, after coming in contact with body
  fluids, when you are sick, and when your hands
  are dirty.
• Can you use anti-bacterial soap and hand
  sanitizers? Yes, but over time, your body can
  build up an immunity to them.

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Recap

• What is the most common way to identify an
  infectious disease? Microbial Culture.

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Before you leave for lunch today!

• Please make sure you
• WASH YOUR HANDS before eating.
• You never know what kinds of germs are on your
  hands!

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Questions?
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References

• 1.) The American Heritage Stedmans Medical
  Dictionary. Http//dictionary.reference.com/browse
  /infectious20disease. 6/20/2008.
• 2.) Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary,
  2004, WB Saunders. 4/28/2008.
• 3.) Medical Microbiology Fourth Edition Chapter
  8 (1996). Baron, Samuel MD. The University of
  Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
• 4.) Communicable Diseases. Hillendale Health.
  http//hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclayop/commdise/commdise
  .html. 6/27/2008.
• 5.) Virus. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_28
  biology29. 6/20/2008.
• 6.) Bacteria. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacter
  ium. 6/20/2008
• 7.) Parasitism. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para
  site. 6/20/2008
• 8.) Fungus. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungus.
  6/20/2008
• 9.) List of Infectious Diseases.
  http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_infectious_di
  seases. 6/20/2008.
• 10.) Worldwide Mortality Due to Infectious
  Diseases. The World Health
• Report 2004 Annex Table 2 (pdf) and 1995
  Table 5 (pdf-large!)

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References Continued

• 11.) Infectious disease. McGraw-Hill
  Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. The
  McGraw-Hill
• Companies, Inc., 2005.
• 12.) Infectious Diseases. Medline Plus.
  http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/infectiousdis
  eases.html.
• 6/27/2008.
• 13.) Mary Mallon http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar
  y_Mallon. 6/20/2008.
• 14.) Roberts, Tim. Wash Hands Fight
• Disease-Causing Germs. Virginia Tech and
  Virginia Department of Health.
  http//www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/nutrition/348-965/348-
  965.html. 6/20/2008.
• 15.) SafetyTV What's the proper way to wash your
• hands? http//www.youtube.com/watch?vloF_y
  l9QR2Q.
• 6/27/2008.
• 16.) Interlandi, Jeneen. Do Hand Sanitizers
  Work? Newsweek October 26,
• 2007. http//www.newsweek.com/id/62119.
  6/20/2008.
• 17.) Are antibacterial soaps creating bacterial
  resistance?
• http//www.essortment.com/all/bacterial
  resist_rywa.htm. 6/20/2008.
• 18.) Microbial Culture. http//en.wikipedia.org/w
  iki/infectious_disease.
• 4/28/2008.

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Products

• GlitterBug Potion.
• http//www.brevis.com
• Student Bacteria Experiment Kit
• http//www.culturemediasupplies.com
• Catalog CM145-B200KIT

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• Lets EAT ?