EMC Compliance Overview Steve Koster

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EMC Compliance Overview Steve Koster
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EMC

• EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
• The ability to operate in the intended
  environment without performance degradation
• The ability to operate in the intended
  environment without interfering with operation of
  other equipment/systems

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EMC Compliance - US

• FCC
• US commercial
• Applies to
• Unintentional emitters
• RF transmitters
• Regulates emissions (not immunity)
• CFR 47, Part 15
• ITE/Digital Devices (CIPSR 22 satisfies
  requirements)
• Receivers
• Unlicensed transmitters
• CFR47, Parts ----
• Specific parts for designated applications
• Part 22 - Cellular devices
• Part 90 - Licensed private land mobile radio
• Others (Television, Satellite, Education,
  Amateur, etc.)
• FCC OET Bulletin 65, Supplement C
• RF Exposure Levels to Humans
• ACTA Administrative Council for Terminal
  Attachments
• Telecommunications Part 68

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EMC Compliance - Canada

• Industry Canada
• Formally Dept. of Communications
• ICES-003 unintentional emitters (US Part 15
  harmonized)
• CS03 telecommunications products
• RSS-210 non-licensed RF products
• RSS-119 Land Mobile and Fixed Radio

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PERSONAL COMPUTERS PERIPHERALS, RADIO RECEIVERS

• Method 1Test at Approved Laboratory

Declaration of Conformity. Does not go to the FCC
Test Product at approved Laboratory
Report with Technical Information
Declaration of Conformity
Sell Product
DOC
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Exempted Devices

• CFR Part 15.103
• Digital device used exclusively in motor vehicle
• Digital device used for power system or control
  by a public utility on utility property
• Digital device used exclusively as industrial,
  commercial or medical test equipment
• Digital device used exclusively as an appliance
• Specialized medical device (generally used under
  direction of medical professional)
• Device with power consumption not exceeding 6nW
• Analog devices used with digital devices (e.g.
  mouse without digital circuitry)
• Digital devices with highest used frequency not
  exceeding 1.705MHz and do not connect to mains
  power

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RADIO TRANSMITTERS

• Examples
• Cordless Phones, Radio Transmitters, CB Radios,
  Wireless Products

CERTIFICATION
Report with Technical Information
Send Report and Application to FCC or TCB
Test Product
FCC GRANT with FCC ID Number
FCC Grant
Sell Product
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North American Telecommunications

• US ACTA
• Canada Industry Canada CS03
• Canada and US Share Harmonized Technical
  Requirements
• Objective
• Designed to protect network from harm posed by
  connected equipment
• General Requirements
• Analog Balance, signal power, impedance,
  isolation surge survivability
• Digital Balance, signal power, signal masks,
  isolation

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BELLCORE (TELCORDIA)

• BELLCORE is laboratory/standards body set up to
  serve Bell Operating Companies (Each Bell Company
  may have their own additional requirements)
• Objective is to standardize technical
  requirements to facilitate acceptance and
  compatibility of equipment
• Principal Equipment Standards
• BELLCORE GR-1089 EMC Safety
• Based largely on international and national
  standards (i.e., FCC, UL)
• Defines Equipment Type based on connection to the
  telecommunications network and the intended
  location of the equipment.
• Some tests interchangeable with FCC and CE tests.
• BELLCORE GR-63 (NEBS) Environmental
• BELLCORE GR-78 Requirements for Physical Design
  and Manufacture of Equipment

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EPRI Requirements

• Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
• US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide
  1.180 currently in use
• Provides for dual path of compliance testing
• MIL-STD-461, previously used by EPRI TR-102323
• IEC 61000 series of EMI/RFI test methods
• Both approaches impose more stringent
  requirements than commercial specifications and
  call out stringent test methods and limits

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EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS
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OVERVIEW OF EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS

• Terms
• Directives
• Comparison with US standards
• Options for Conformity
• Technical Requirements
• Use of the CE Mark

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TERMS DEFINITIONS

• European Directive
• Legal Document adopted by EC Council of Ministers
• Must be adopted into National Law by each EC
  member state
• Does not call out technical standards refers to
  private standards-making bodies to draw up
  product standards
• European Norm (EN)
• Harmonized Standard Common Standard used for
  determining conformity
• Committee process
• ENs based on existing standards (CISPR, IEC)
• Must be adopted into National Standards by each
  EC Member state
• CENELEC (Comite Europeen de Normalisation
  Electrotechnique)
• European Committee for Electrotechnical
  Standardization responsible for generating
  European Norms
• CE Communaute Europeenne

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TERMS DEFINITIONS

• Competent Body
• Review Technical Construction Files and generate
  Certificates of Conformity
• Must demonstrate competence in the area of the
  Directive
• Approved by member state National Authority
• Conformity Assessment Bodies (CAB) in US
• Notified Body
• Notified means that the organization has been
  officially announced to the EC and other states
  by National Authority

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NEW APPROACH DIRECTIVES

• Objective Elimination of Technical Barriers
• New Approach calls out Essential Requirements
• Technical Details Left to Committees
• Harmonization of European Norms (Standards)
• CENELEC
• Conformity to European Norms demonstrates
  compliance
• Products meeting essential requirements eligible
  for CE Marking

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EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES
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THE EMC DIRECTIVE

• 89/336/EEC The EMC Directive
• Adopted 1989 by Council of the European
  Communities
• Original Implementation 1 January 1992
• Amended by 92/31/EEC
• Affects all products to be placed on the Market
• Calls out essential protection requirements
  which include emissions as well as susceptibility
• Does not call out specifications or standards
• New Approach Directive
• Essential Protection Requirements
• Allows Self-Certification
• CE Marking certifying products conformance

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EMC Directive - Changes

• Clarification of scope and definitions
• Simplification of compliance methods DoC
• Elimination of mandatory NB/CB examinations
• Modified DoC supporting location of responsible
  parties by enforcement
• Requirement for unique product identification
• Clear treatment of fixed installations and their
  compliance obligations

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Conformity Assessment

• Manufacturer performs an electromagnetic
  compatibility assessment applying all relevant
  harmonized standards published in OJ
• Manufacturer prepares technical documentation
  providing evidence of compliance retains at
  least 10-years after date of last manufacture
• Manufacturer prepares a Declaration of Conformity
  (DoC)
• The CE mark may be placed on the equipment

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Non-harmonized/Incomplete Application of Standards

• If harmonized standards are not followed or
  partially followed
• Technical documentation is more complex to
  justify the DoC describing the steps taken to
  meet the essential requirements
• Review by a Notified Body to obtain an opinion on
  conformity
• NB opinion adds weight in case of a dispute but
  does not solely authenticate the DoC

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Product Identification

• Each apparatus to be identified in terms of type,
  batch, serial number or other information
  allowing identification
• Each apparatus shall be accompanied with
  Community contact information
• Information must be provided on specific
  precautions for EMC protection (e.g.,
  installation instructions, shielded cable use,
  etc.)
• Use restrictions for items where residential
  compliance is not ensured
• Information on use for intended purpose included
  with the apparatus

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Fixed Installations

• Special section Article 13
• Applies to a given fixed installation with the
  apparatus not commercially available
• CE marking and mandatory pre-testing not required
• Installation requires application of good
  engineering practices with documentation of EMC
  precautions incorporated
• If EMC problems are indicated, authorities may
  request evidence of compliance
• If non-compliance is established, appropriate
  measures to attain compliance may be imposed

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CE Marking

• Implementation of the CE Marking
• Must be affixed to
• Product
• Packaging
• Instructions for use, OR
• Guarantee certificate
• Can be used with other marks providing they do
  not reduce the visibility and legibility of the
  mark
• The marking may include
• The identification of a notified body involved in
  assessment

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RTTE

• Covers the following aspects
• Efficient use of spectrum
• EMC
• Safety

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RTTE Approval Process

• CE Marking by manufacturer is allowed
• Self-Declaration for many products
• Reduced approval procedures and processes
• Harmonized standards developed
• Faster, cheaper, more market coverage for Small
  Medium Enterprises

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Annexes

• Annex I Things NOT covered
• Cables, Receive-only broadcast, Kits, Aviation
  and Air Traffic, marine
• Annex II Internal Production Control
• Basis for all Annexes (good documentation!)
• Annex III Annex II Testing
• Type testing
• Annex IV TCF
• Notified Body/CAB (for new technologies)
• Annex V Full QA
• Accredited Quality Assurance System

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RTTE Testing

• No longer requires involvement of accredited test
  house
• Test to harmonized standards
• DoC
• CE Marking
• Ship
• Non-harmonized frequencies
• Notification to Spectrum Authority
• Alert Signal (Equipment Class Identifier)
• Restricted Geographical Area

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EMC Test Standards

• Product specific test standards establish
  requirements and typically point to test method
  standards. Normally include
• Radiated Emissions CISPR 22
• Conducted Emissions CISPR 22
• Harmonic Emissions EN 61000-3-2
• Flicker EN 61000-3-3
• Electrostatic Discharge EN 61000-4-2
• Radiated Immunity EN 61000-4-3
• Electrically Fast Transient Immunity EN
  61000-4-4
• Surge Immunity EN 61000-4-5
• Conducted Immunity EN 61000-4-6
• Magnetic Immunity - EN 61000-4-8
• Voltage dips/interrupts EN61000-4-11