Galileo Galilei 15641642

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Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

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• Ro-el Cordero Robert Trevino

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Contemporary Scientists

• Tycho Brahe
• Born into highest ranked nobility in Denmark
• King of Denmark gave him a Island and 5 GNP to
  work
• Later became imperial astronomer of Emperor
  Rudolph II
• Accurate measurement of stars

(1546-1601)
Image from http//www.nada.kth.se/fred/tycho/inde
x.html
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Contemporary Scientists
(1571-1630)

• Johannes Kepler
• Sickly child of poor parents
• University teacher and pupil of Tycho Brahe
• Alienated by both Catholic and Lutheran churches
• Laws of Planetary motion

Image from http//www.kepler.arc.nasa.gov
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Contemporary Scientists

• Hans Lipperhey
• Invented the spyglass
• Galileo supposedly read about the discovery
  through a letter.

(d.1619)
Image from http//galileo.rice.edu/sci/lipperhey.h
tml
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Contemporary Scientists

• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
• Father was a basket maker
• Self Supported, Linen-draper and Surveyor
• Elected to Royal Society
• Father of microbiology

(1632-1723)
Image from http//www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/le
euwenhoek.html
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The Medici Family

• Traced back to the end of the 12th century
• Started as a banking and commerce family
• Important family figures to Galileo
• Cosimo I
• Ferdinand I Christina of Lorraine
• Cosimo II
• Ferdinand II
• Leopold
• Gian-Gastone

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Medici and Sponsorship

• Since Cosimo I, the family held the arts and
  sciences and general education in high regard
• Always sponsored and stood by their decisions,
  despite popular belief or church views
• Needed to produce to keep their support

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Galileo and the Family

• Formally began with helping Christina of
  Lorraines brother with work, which lead to
  professorship in Pisa
• Tutored the princes while also making his own
  discoveries
• Court Scientist began with the telescope and
  Starry Messenger
• Scientist, teacher, and showman

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Important Work

• Pendulum Motion

note
Images from THE GALILEO PROJECT
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Important Work

• Hydrostatic Balance

This is not Galileos Design, but a later one.
vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ references?idtec_cat2
taken from Gscheidlen, Richard. 1876.
Physiologische Methodik Ein Handbuch der
Praktischen Physiologie. (p.?0058, fig.?60)
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Important Work

• One Horse Water Pump

(yes, we know there are two horses in this photo)
Image from THE GALILEO PROJECT
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Important Work

• Sector

(Gunners compass)
Images from THE GALILEO PROJECT
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Important Work

• New Star Calculation
• Using Parallax calculated that the new star was
  beyond the moon and thus in the heavens

http//wps.aw.com/wps/media
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Important Work

• Thermoscope

Image from THE GALILEO PROJECT
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Important Work

• Used telescope to find 4 satellites of Jupiter,
  and other neat things

Images from THE GALILEO PROJECT
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Important Work

• Longitude at sea
• Using the eclipses of Jupiters satellites
• Won a prize of a gold chain from the Dutch
  (refused or was forced to refuse)
• Method never really practical at sea
• Eventually helped fix maps of France, il Mar
  Terrano, and even Pennsylvania.

Images from THE GALILEO PROJECT
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Important Work

• Falling bodies and Scaling Laws

?
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Important Work

• Argument for Copernican heliocentric theory
• Got him in trouble with the church

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Vehemently Suspect of HeresyFormal Abjuration
from the Church

• I have been judged vehemently suspect of heresy,
  that is, of having held and believed that the sun
  is in the centre of the universe and immoveable,
  and that the earth is not at the center of same,
  and that it does move. Wishing however, to remove
  from the minds of your Eminences and all faithful
  Christians this vehement suspicion reasonably
  conceived against me, I abjure with a sincere
  heart and unfeigned faith, I curse and detest the
  said errors and heresies, and generally all and
  every error, heresy, and sect contrary to the
  Holy Catholic Church.

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Galileo and the Church

• Pope Urban VIII
• 1632 Dialogues on the Two Chief World
  Systems-Ptolemaic and Copernican
• Given permission by Cardinal Bellermine and Pope
  Urban 1610 to treat Copernican as theory, but to
  not teach or defend it end with God is
  all-powerful to Him all things are therefore
  possible
• Bible versus scientific proof
• Inquisition when book reached Rome (1633)
• House arrest

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Dialogues on the Two Chief World Systems-
Ptolemaic and Copernican

• The Persons
• Salivati Galileo and Copernican views
• Simplicio Aristotilean philosophers
• Sagrado simple layman
• Official aim and actual discourse
• Organization
• First Day Against Aristotelian physics, current
  belief
• Second Day Law of Inertia
• Third Day Formation and destruction in the
  heavens
• Fourth Day Copernican explanation, Venus,
  Jupiter

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Eppur si muove(But it does move)